Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1978 Oct;5(10):3515–3522. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.10.3515

The nucleotide sequence of the 5' untranslated region of human gamma-globin mRNA.

J C Chang, R Poon, K H Neumann, Y W Kan
PMCID: PMC342692  PMID: 318162

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence of the entire 5' untranslated region of human gamma-globin mRNA has been determined. This was accomplished by analyzing complementary DNA (cRNA) synthesized from the mRNA with reverse transcriptase. The CDNA was labeled at its 3' end with 32"p using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, digested with the restriction endonuclease Hae III and the end-labeled fragment isolated ans sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. Including the initiation codon AUG, the 5' untranslated region of human gamma-globin mRNA contains 57 nucleotides, compared to 41 in alpha- and 54 in beta-globin mRNA. There is very little homology between alpha and gamma sequences in the 5' region. There is considerable homology between beta- and gamma-globin mRNAs in the regions proximal and distal to the initiation codon, but the entire sequence shows less homology than the human and rabbit beta-globin mRNAs. The hexanucleotide sequence CUUCUG is found near the 5' ends of all three human globin mRNAs, suggesting a possible role of this sequence or ribosomal binding. Both guanosine and cytidine were found at the 19th nucleotide position from the 5' end of the gamma mRNA. We believe this heterogeneity arises from the difference in nucleotide sequence between the A gamma and G gamma loci.

Full text

PDF
3515

Images in this article

3517Image
on p.3517
3518Image
on p.3518

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alberty H., Raba M., Gross H. J. Isolation from rat liver and sequence of a RNA fragment containing 32 nucleotides from position 5 to 36 from the 3' end of ribosomal 18S RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Feb;5(2):425–434. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.2.425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baralle F. E. Complete nucleotide sequence of the 5' noncoding region of rabbit beta-globin mRNA. Cell. 1977 Apr;10(4):549–558. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90088-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baralle F. E. Structure-function relationship of 5' non-coding sequence of rabbit alpha- and beta-globin mRNA. Nature. 1977 May 19;267(5608):279–281. doi: 10.1038/267279a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baralle F. Complete nucleotide sequence of the 5' noncoding region of human alpha-and beta-globin mRNA. Cell. 1977 Dec;12(4):1085–1095. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90171-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Blakesley R. W., Wells R. D. 'Single-stranded' DNA from phiX174 and M13 is cleaved by certain restriction endonucleases. Nature. 1975 Oct 2;257(5525):421–422. doi: 10.1038/257421a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chang J. C., Temple G. F., Poon R., Neumann K. H., Kan Y. W. The nucleotide sequences of the untranslated 5' regions of human alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):5145–5149. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.5145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Efstratiadis A., Maniatis T., Kafatos F. C., Jeffrey A., Vournakis J. N. Full length and discrete partial reverse transcripts of globin and chorion mRNAs. Cell. 1975 Apr;4(4):367–378. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90157-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Godson G. N., Roberts R. J. dna, single stranded/*metab. Virology. 1976 Sep;73(2):561–567. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90421-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hagenbüchle O., Santer M., Steitz J. A., Mans R. J. Conservation of the primary structure at the 3' end of 18S rRNA from eucaryotic cells. Cell. 1978 Mar;13(3):551–563. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90328-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Horiuchi K., Zinder N. D. Site-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA by a Hemophilus restriction endonuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jul;72(7):2555–2558. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2555. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanger F., Coulson A. R. A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase. J Mol Biol. 1975 May 25;94(3):441–448. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90213-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Shine J., Dalgarno L. Identical 3'-terminal octanucleotide sequence in 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid from different eukaryotes. A proposed role for this sequence in the recognition of terminator codons. Biochem J. 1974 Sep;141(3):609–615. doi: 10.1042/bj1410609a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Shine J., Dalgarno L. The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1342–1346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Steitz J. A., Jakes K. How ribosomes select initiator regions in mRNA: base pair formation between the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA and the mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):4734–4738. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.4734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Temple G. F., Chang J. C., Kan Y. W. Authentic beta-globin mRNA sequences in homozygous betaO-thalassemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jul;74(7):3047–3051. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.7.3047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Tinoco I., Jr, Borer P. N., Dengler B., Levin M. D., Uhlenbeck O. C., Crothers D. M., Bralla J. Improved estimation of secondary structure in ribonucleic acids. Nat New Biol. 1973 Nov 14;246(150):40–41. doi: 10.1038/newbio246040a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Verma I. M., Temple G. F., Fan H., Baltimore D. In vitro synthesis of DNA complementary to rabbit reticulocyte 10S RNA. Nat New Biol. 1972 Feb 9;235(58):163–167. doi: 10.1038/newbio235163a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wilson J. T., Forget B. G., Wilson L. B., Weissman S. M. Human globin messenger RNA: importance of cloning for structural analysis. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):200–202. doi: 10.1126/science.847468. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wilson J. T., deRiel J. K., Forget B. G., Marotta C. A., Weissman S. M. Nucleotide sequence of 3' untranslated portion of human alpha globin mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977 Jul;4(7):2353–2368. doi: 10.1093/nar/4.7.2353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES