Table 2.
Risk of all cause mortality in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, by level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure
| Patients with cardiovascular disease | Patients without cardiovascular disease | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure control (mm Hg) | |||||||||
| Model 1 (unadjusted)* | |||||||||
| Tight control 3 | <110 | 2.06 (1.67 to 2.55) | <0.001 | 2.17 (1.94 to 2.42) | <0.001 | 2.23 (2.02 to 2.45) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 2 | 110-119 | 1.57 (1.34 to 1.84) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.26 to 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.31 to 1.51) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 1 | 120-129 | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 0.07 | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.19) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19) | <0.001 | ||
| Usual control | 130-139 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | ||
| Uncontrolled 1 | 140-149 | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.14) | 0.61 | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | 0.02 | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) | 0.01 | ||
| Uncontrolled 2 | 150-159 | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) | 0.21 | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.18) | <0.001 | ||
| Uncontrolled 3 | ≥160 | 1.22 (1.09 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.38 to 1.53) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.35 to 1.48) | <0.001 | ||
| Model 2 (adjusted)† | |||||||||
| Tight control 3 | <110 | 2.79 (1.74 to 4.48) | <0.001 | 2.42 (1.66 to 3.52) | <0.001 | 2.56 (1.89 to 3.47) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 2 | 110-119 | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.62) | 0.92 | 1.58 (1.27 to 1.96) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.22 to 1.76) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 1 | 120-129 | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.54) | 0.38 | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.26) | 0.47 | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.25) | 0.33 | ||
| Usual control | 130-139 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | ||
| Uncontrolled 1 | 140-149 | 0.78 (0.61 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.04) | 0.21 | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.00) | 0.05 | ||
| Uncontrolled 2 | 150-159 | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.11) | 0.17 | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.25) | 0.42 | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.15) | 0.89 | ||
| Uncontrolled 3 | ≥160 | 0.79 (0.57 to 1.09) | 0.15 | 1.16 (0.99 to 1.36) | 0.06 | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.25) | 0.23 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure control (mm Hg) | |||||||||
| Model 1 (unadjusted)* | |||||||||
| Tight control 3 | <70 | 1.54 (1.39 to 1.69) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.69 to 1.91) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.71 to 1.91) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 2 | 70-74 | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.32) | 0.003 | 1.23 (1.18 to 1.29) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.30) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 1 | 75-79 | 0.77 (0.68 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.91) | <0.001 | ||
| Usual control | 80-84 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | ||
| Uncontrolled 1 | 85-89 | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 0.02 | 0.73 (0.69 to 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.72 to 0.78) | <0.001 | ||
| Uncontrolled 2 | 90-94 | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) | 0.93 | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | <0.001 | ||
| Uncontrolled 3 | ≥95 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.58 | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.02) | 0.81 | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.01) | 0.11 | ||
| Model 2 (adjusted)† | |||||||||
| Tight control 3 | <70 | 1.89 (1.40 to 2.56) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.33 to 1.77) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.41 to 1.80) | <0.001 | ||
| Tight control 2 | 70-74 | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.78) | 0.04 | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34) | 0.02 | 1.21 (1.07 to 1.37) | 0.002 | ||
| Tight control 1 | 75-79 | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.34) | 0.92 | 0.87 (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.00) | 0.06 | ||
| Usual control | 80-84 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | ||
| Uncontrolled 1 | 85-89 | 1.31 (0.96 to 1.79) | 0.09 | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.07) | 0.49 | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.14) | 0.92 | ||
| Uncontrolled 2 | 90-94 | 1.22 (0.82 to 1.83) | 0.31 | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.07) | 0.32 | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.13) | 0.65 | ||
| Uncontrolled 3 | ≥95 | 0.93 (0.53 to 1.64) | 0.81 | 1.15 (0.95 to 1.39) | 0.09 | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.43) | 0.07 | ||
*Odds ratios were from logistic regression models; proportional hazards assumption was violated.
†Adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, practice level clustering, socioeconomic deprivation score, body mass index, smoking, baseline HbA1c, baseline cholesterol levels, and difference between achieved and baseline blood pressure.