Abstract
Nuclear matrices containing residual DNA were isolated from chicken erythrocytes after extraction of purified nuclei with buffered 2 M NaCl. After further purification of this residual DNA, it was found to contain high concentrations of beta-globin gene sequences as assayed by dot hybridization with 32P-labeled nick-translated pHB1001. Electron microscopy of a random sample of this residual DNA fraction shows the DNA to be intimately associated with protein at various intervals. A hypothesis for enrichment of active genes in residual DNA from purified chromatin or in nuclear matrix DNA is also discussed.
Full text
PDF



Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Agutter P. S., Richardson J. C. Nuclear non-chromatin proteinaceous structures: their role in the organization and function of the interphase nucleus. J Cell Sci. 1980 Aug;44:395–435. doi: 10.1242/jcs.44.1.395. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BURTON K. A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J. 1956 Feb;62(2):315–323. doi: 10.1042/bj0620315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barrack E. R., Coffey D. S. The specific binding of estrogens and androgens to the nuclear matrix of sex hormone responsive tissues. J Biol Chem. 1980 Aug 10;255(15):7265–7275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bekhor I., Mirell C. J. Simple isolation of DNA hydrophobically complexed with presumed gene regulatory proteins (M3). Biochemistry. 1979 Feb 20;18(4):609–616. doi: 10.1021/bi00571a010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Calos M. P., Miller J. H. Transposable elements. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):579–595. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90305-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Catino J. J., Yeoman L. C., Mandel M., Busch H. Characterization of DNA binding protein from rat liver chromatin which decreases during growth. Biochemistry. 1978 Mar 21;17(6):983–987. doi: 10.1021/bi00599a006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chiu J. F., Craddock C., Morris H. P., Hnilica L. S. Immunospecificity of chromatin nonhistone protein--DNA complexes in normal and neoplastic growth. FEBS Lett. 1974 May 15;42(1):94–97. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80287-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chiu J. F., Tsai Y. H., Sakuma K., Hnilica L. S. Regulation of in vitro mRNA transcription by a fraction of chromosomal proteins. J Biol Chem. 1975 Dec 25;250(24):9431–9433. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chytil F., Spelsberg T. C. Tissue differences in antigenic properties of non-histone protein-DNA complexes. Nature. 1971 Oct 13;233(5320):215–218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cochet M., Gannon F., Hen R., Maroteaux L., Perrin F., Chambon P. Organization and sequence studies of the 17-piece chicken conalbumin gene. Nature. 1979 Dec 6;282(5739):567–574. doi: 10.1038/282567a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Engel J. D., Dodgson J. B. Analysis of the adult and embryonic chicken globin genes in chromosomal DNA. J Biol Chem. 1978 Nov 25;253(22):8239–8246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gannon F., Jeltsch J. M., Perrin F. A detailed comparison of the 5'-end of the ovalbumin gene cloned from chicken oviduct and erythrocyte DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Oct 10;8(19):4405–4421. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.19.4405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Griffith J. D., Christiansen G. Electron microscope visualization of chromatin and other DNA-protein complexes. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng. 1978;7:19–35. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.07.060178.000315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hamana K., Iwai K. Glucocorticoid-receptor complex binds to nonhistone protein and DNA in rat liver chromatin. J Biochem. 1978 Jan;83(1):279–286. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131902. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiremath S. T., Maciewicz R. A., Wang T. Y. The loosely bound non-histone chromosomal proteins of rat prostate in androgen action. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Mar 26;653(1):130–138. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90111-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hsieh T., Brutlag D. L. A protein that preferentially binds Drosophila satellite DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):726–730. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.2.726. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jeppesen P. G., Bankier A. T. A partial characterization of DNA fragments protected from nuclease degradation in histone depleted metaphase chromosomes of the Chinese hamster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Sep 11;7(1):49–67. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kafatos F. C., Jones C. W., Efstratiadis A. Determination of nucleic acid sequence homologies and relative concentrations by a dot hybridization procedure. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1541–1552. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liew C. C., Chan P. K. Identification of nonhistone chromatin proteins in chromatin subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3458–3462. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3458. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Linder S., Zuckerman S. H., Ringertz N. R. Reactivation of chicken erythrocyte nuclei in heterokaryons results in expression of adult chicken globin genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6286–6289. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6286. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lydersen B. K., Pettijohn D. E. Human-specific nuclear protein that associates with the polar region of the mitotic apparatus: distribution in a human/hamster hybrid cell. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):489–499. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90359-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mirell C. J., Bekhor I. The effect of estrogen on the concentration of ovalbumin gene sequence in the 2 M NaCl residual fraction of oviduct chromatin. FEBS Lett. 1982 Dec 13;150(1):117–121. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81316-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nelkin B. D., Pardoll D. M., Vogelstein B. Localization of SV40 genes within supercoiled loop domains. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Dec 11;8(23):5623–5633. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.23.5623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nguyen-Huu M. C., Stratmann M., Groner B., Wurtz T., Land H., Giesecke K., Sippel A. E., Schütz G. Chicken lysozyme gene contains several intervening sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jan;76(1):76–80. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.1.76. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Norman G. L., Bekhor I. Enrichment of selected active human gene sequences in the placental deoxyribonucleic acid fraction associated with tightly bound nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Biochemistry. 1981 Jun 9;20(12):3568–3578. doi: 10.1021/bi00515a041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perle M. A., Leonard C. M., Newman S. A. Developmentally regulated nonhistone proteins: evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid binding role and localization near deoxyribonuclease I sensitive domains of precartilage cell chromatin. Biochemistry. 1982 May 11;21(10):2379–2386. doi: 10.1021/bi00539a016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pogo A. O. Modification of ribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated rat liver nuclei by low alt concentrations and specific divalent cations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 May 20;182(1):57–65. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90520-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pumo D. E., Seward E. A., Childs S. J., Chiu J. F. Erythroid specific nuclear antigen and globin gene binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Nov 28;97(2):487–492. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)90289-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pumo D. E., Wierzbicki R., Chiu J. F. Chicken reticulocyte nuclear antigen: its identification and relation to transcriptive activity in erythropoietic cells. Biochemistry. 1980 May 27;19(11):2362–2367. doi: 10.1021/bi00552a013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rakowicz-Szulczyńska E. M., Horst A. Non-histone proteins in fractionated chromatin before and after DNAse II treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Mar 26;653(1):69–82. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90105-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robinson S. I., Nelkin B. D., Vogelstein B. The ovalbumin gene is associated with the nuclear matrix of chicken oviduct cells. Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):99–106. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90379-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Small D., Nelkin B., Vogelstein B. Nonrandom distribution of repeated DNA sequences with respect to supercoiled loops and the nuclear matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):5911–5915. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.5911. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang T. Y. The role of nonhistone chromosomal proteins in the interaction of prostate chromatin with androgen.receptor complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Mar 29;518(1):81–88. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(78)90117-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weideli H., Brack C., Gehring W. J. Characterization of Drosophila DNA-binding protein DB-2: demonstration of its sequence-specific interaction with DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3773–3777. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinstock R., Sweet R., Weiss M., Cedar H., Axel R. Intragenic DNA spacers interrupt the ovalbumin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1299–1303. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]