Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1984 Jan;81(2):503–507. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.503

Correction of complex heteroduplexes made of mouse H-2 gene sequences in Escherichia coli K-12.

B Cami, P Chambon, P Kourilsky
PMCID: PMC344706  PMID: 6320192

Abstract

We have prepared heteroduplexes between two plasmids that carry, in the same orientation, two H-2 cDNA inserts, 1.15 and 1.0 kilobase long, respectively. Their sequences encode two distinct class I transplantation antigens of the mouse and differ by 8% of their nucleotides. Molecules with a rearranged array of restriction sites were found after transformation and cloning in an Escherichia coli recA- host. Nucleotide sequences showed that the rearranged molecules derived their nucleotides from the two parental strands. Thus, correction of these complex heteroduplexes takes place in E. coli and probably involves repair mechanisms. It provides the basis for a mutational process in which several nucleotides (amino acids) can be altered in a single event. It also offers a practical means of making genetic variants. Several other implications are discussed.

Full text

PDF
503

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bale A., d'Alarcao M., Marinus M. G. Characterization of DNA adenine methylation mutants of Escherichia coli K12. Mutat Res. 1979 Feb;59(2):157–165. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(79)90153-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baltimore D. Gene conversion: some implications for immunoglobulin genes. Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):592–594. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90082-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bastia D. Determination of restriction sites and the nucleotide sequence surrounding the relaxation site of ColE1. J Mol Biol. 1978 Oct 5;124(4):601–639. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90174-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bourguignon-Van Horen F., Brotcorn A., Caillet-Fauquet P., Diver W. P., Dohet C., Doubleday O. P., Lecomte P., Maenhaut-Michel G., Radman M. Conservation and diversification of genes by mismatch correction and SOS induction. Biochimie. 1982 Aug-Sep;64(8-9):559–564. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(82)80087-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brégégère F., Abastado J. P., Kvist S., Rask L., Lalanne J. L., Garoff H., Cami B., Wiman K., Larhammar D., Peterson P. A. Structure of C-terminal half of two H-2 antigens from cloned mRNA. Nature. 1981 Jul 2;292(5818):78–81. doi: 10.1038/292078a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dagert M., Ehrlich S. D. Prolonged incubation in calcium chloride improves the competence of Escherichia coli cells. Gene. 1979 May;6(1):23–28. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90082-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Egel R. Intergenic conversion and reiterated genes. Nature. 1981 Mar 19;290(5803):191–192. doi: 10.1038/290191a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gachelin G., Dumas B., Abastado J. P., Cami B., Papamatheakis J., Kourilsky P. Mouse genes coding for the major class I transplantation antigens: a mosaic structure might be related to the antigenic polymorphism. Ann Immunol (Paris) 1982 Jan-Feb;133C(1):3–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Geier G. E., Modrich P. Recognition sequence of the dam methylase of Escherichia coli K12 and mode of cleavage of Dpn I endonuclease. J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 25;254(4):1408–1413. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gelinas R. E., Myers P. A., Roberts R. J. Two sequence-specific endonucleases from Moraxella bovis. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jul;114(1):169–179. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90290-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hood L., Steinmetz M., Malissen B. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. Annu Rev Immunol. 1983;1:529–568. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.01.040183.002525. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kalderon D., Oostra B. A., Ely B. K., Smith A. E. Deletion loop mutagenesis: a novel method for the construction of point mutations using deletion mutants. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Sep 11;10(17):5161–5171. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.17.5161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kimball E. S., Coligan J. E. Structure of class I major histocompatibility antigens. Contemp Top Mol Immunol. 1983;9:1–63. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4517-6_1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Klein J. H-2 mutations: their genetics and effect on immune functions. Adv Immunol. 1978;26:55–146. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60229-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kourilsky P. Genetic exchanges between partially homologous nucleotide sequences: possible implications for multigene families. Biochimie. 1983 Feb;65(2):85–93. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(83)80178-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kvist S., Bregegere F., Rask L., Cami B., Garoff H., Daniel F., Wiman K., Larhammar D., Abastado J. P., Gachelin G. cDNA clone coding for part of a mouse H-2d major histocompatibility antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2772–2776. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.2772. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lai C. J., Nathans D. A map of temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40. Virology. 1975 Jul;66(1):70–81. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90179-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lalanne J. L., Bregegere F., Delarbre C., Abastado J. P., Gachelin G., Kourilsky P. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of mRNAs belonging to the mouse H-2 multigene family. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 11;10(3):1039–1049. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.3.1039. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. López de Castro J. A., Strominger J. L., Strong D. M., Orr H. T. Structure of crossreactive human histocompatibility antigens HLA-A28 and HLA-A2: possible implications for the generation of HLA polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(12):3813–3817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.12.3813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. McClelland M. The effect of sequence specific DNA methylation on restriction endonuclease cleavage. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25;9(22):5859–5866. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.22.5859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Miller L. K., Cooke B. E., Fried M. Fate of mismatched base-pair regions in polyoma heteroduplex DNA during infection of mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3073–3077. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Miyata T., Yasunaga T., Yamawaki-Kataoka Y., Obata M., Honjo T. Nucleotide sequence divergence of mouse immunoglobulin gamma 1 and gamma 2b chain genes and the hypothesis of intervening sequence-mediated domain transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):2143–2147. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.2143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Murray N. E., Brammar W. J., Murray K. Lambdoid phages that simplify the recovery of in vitro recombinants. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Jan 7;150(1):53–61. doi: 10.1007/BF02425325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Pukkila P. J., Peterson J., Herman G., Modrich P., Meselson M. Effects of high levels of DNA adenine methylation on methyl-directed mismatch repair in Escherichia coli. Genetics. 1983 Aug;104(4):571–582. doi: 10.1093/genetics/104.4.571. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Radding C. M. Genetic recombination: strand transfer and mismatch repair. Annu Rev Biochem. 1978;47:847–880. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.47.070178.004215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rougeon F., Kourilsky P., Mach B. Insertion of a rabbit beta-globin gene sequence into an E. coli plasmid. Nucleic Acids Res. 1975 Dec;2(12):2365–2378. doi: 10.1093/nar/2.12.2365. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Roychoudhury R., Wu R. Terminal transferase-catalyzed addition of nucleotides to the 3' termini of DNA. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):43–62. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65009-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Schulze D. H., Pease L. R., Geier S. S., Reyes A. A., Sarmiento L. A., Wallace R. B., Nathenson S. G. Comparison of the cloned H-2Kbm1 variant gene with the H-2Kb gene shows a cluster of seven nucleotide differences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):2007–2011. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.2007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Seidman J. G., Leder A., Nau M., Norman B., Leder P. Antibody diversity. Science. 1978 Oct 6;202(4363):11–17. doi: 10.1126/science.99815. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Slightom J. L., Blechl A. E., Smithies O. Human fetal G gamma- and A gamma-globin genes: complete nucleotide sequences suggest that DNA can be exchanged between these duplicated genes. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):627–638. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90426-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wagner R., Jr, Meselson M. Repair tracts in mismatched DNA heteroduplexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Nov;73(11):4135–4139. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.4135. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Weiss E. H., Mellor A., Golden L., Fahrner K., Simpson E., Hurst J., Flavell R. A. The structure of a mutant H-2 gene suggests that the generation of polymorphism in H-2 genes may occur by gene conversion-like events. Nature. 1983 Feb 24;301(5902):671–674. doi: 10.1038/301671a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. White R. L., Fox M. S. Genetic consequences of transfection with heterduplex bacteriophage lambda DNA. Mol Gen Genet. 1975 Nov 24;141(2):163–171. doi: 10.1007/BF00267681. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Wildenberg J., Meselson M. Mismatch repair in heteroduplex DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2202–2206. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Wilson J. H. Genetic analysis of host range mutant viruses suggests an uncoating defect in simian virus 40-resistant monkey cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Aug;74(8):3503–3507. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.8.3503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Yeh W. K., Ornston L. N. Origins of metabolic diversity: substitution of homologous sequences into genes for enzymes with different catalytic activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5365–5369. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5365. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Yeh W. K., Shih C., Ornston L. N. Overlapping evolutionary affinities revealed by comparison of amino acid compositions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(12):3794–3797. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.12.3794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES