Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been devoted to the feasibility of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) in recent years. The advantages of PACS are numerous but mainly include reduced cost and improvement in the operational efficiency of a PACS-based radiology department. In digital radiography, images are viewed either in hard-copy or soft-copy format. Usually, these images are subsequently compressed and archived for future evaluation. There are various methods used in image compression. In this study, computed radiography images showing subtle pediatric bone fractures were compressed with the lossy method of image compression after they had been initially evaluated on workstation monitors. These studies were subsequently evaluated by observers, who were unaware of the interpretations of these images before compression, to determine if they could detect similar abnormalities. Our conclusion is that there is no difference in the interpretation of soft-copy computed radiographic images before or after lossy 10∶1 compression in studies of subtle pediatric bone fractures.
This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
Key words: computed radiography, lossless and lossy compression, hard-copy, soft-copy, Friedman analysis of variance (ANOVA), Wilcoxon's signed ranked test
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (821.8 KB).
Footnotes
The opinions contained herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government.
This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
References
- 1.Huang HK, Andriole K, Bazzill T, et al. Design and implementation of a picture archiving and communication system: The second time. J Digit Imaging. 1996;9:47–59. doi: 10.1007/BF03168857. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Mosser H, Urban M, Hruby W, et al. Filmless digital radiology-feasibility and 20 month experience in clinical routine. Medical Informatics. 1994;192:149–159. doi: 10.3109/14639239409001382. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Razavi M, Sayre J, Taira RK, et al. Receiver-operating characteristic study of chest radiographs in children: Digital hard-copy film vs 2K×Soft-copy images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158:443–448. doi: 10.2214/ajr.158.2.1729805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Taira RK, Manovich NJ, Boechat MI, et al. Design and implementation of a picture archiving and communication system for pediatric radiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150:1117–1121. doi: 10.2214/ajr.150.5.1117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Arenson RL, Seshardi SB, Kundel HL, et al. Clinical evaluation of a medical image management system for chest images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150:55–59. doi: 10.2214/ajr.150.1.55. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Bushberg JT, Siebert JA, Leidholdt EM, et al. The Essential Physics Of Medical Imaging. Baltimore, MD: William & Wilkins; 1994. pp. 159–159. [Google Scholar]
- 7.Wilson DL. Compressed radiologic images and workstation. J Digit Imaging. 1992;5:168–175. doi: 10.1007/BF03167766. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Mori T, Nakata H. Irreversible data compression in chest imaging using computed radiography: An evaluation. J Thoracic Imaging. 1994;9:23–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Smith DV, Smith S, Bender GN, et al. Evaluation of the medical diagnostic imaging support system based on 2 years of clinical experience. J Digit Imaging. 1995;8:75–87. doi: 10.1007/BF03168130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Glantz SA. Primer of Biostatistics. ed 2. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1987. [Google Scholar]
- 11.Kraemer HC, Theismann S. How many subjects? Statistical Power Analysis in Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1988. [Google Scholar]
- 12.Fleiss JL. Statistical Method of Rates and Proportions. New York, NY: Wiley; 1973. [Google Scholar]
- 13.Huang HK, Mankovich NJ, Cho PS, et al. Picture archiving and communication systems in Japan. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148:421–429. doi: 10.2214/ajr.148.2.427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Gray R, Olshen R, Sayre J, et al. Proceedings of The Digitized Radiographic Images: Challenges and Opportunities (workshop) Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine; 1993. [Google Scholar]
- 15.Honeyman JC, Frost MM, Huda W, et al. Picture archiving and communications system [PACS] Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 1994;234:101–158. doi: 10.1016/0363-0188(94)90004-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Gillepsy T, Rowberg AH. Displaying radiologic images on personal computers: Image storage and compression-Part 2. J Digit Imaging. 1994;7:1–12. doi: 10.1007/BF03168473. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Moura L, Furie SS, Gutierrez MA, et al. Lossy compression techniques, medical images, and the clinician. MD Comput. 1996;13:155–159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Cosman PC, Davidson HC, Bergin CJ, et al. Thoracic CT images: Effect of lossy image compression on diagnostic accuracy. Radiology. 1994;190:517–524. doi: 10.1148/radiology.190.2.8284409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Freedman M, Stellar D. Digital radiography of musculoskeletal system: The optimal image. J Digit Imaging. 1995;8:37–42. doi: 10.1007/BF03168065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.Peterson H. Digital skeletal radiography. J Digit Imaging. 1995;8:43–44. doi: 10.1007/BF03168066. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]