Abstract
A study was undertaken for evaluating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” containing Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis and Salacia oblonga in type II diabetic patients over a period of 3 months. Ethical committee consent for the study was given by the Director, Indian Systems of Medicine, Kerala. A total of 43 patients with established diabetes mellitus as adjudged from clinical features and FBS values, appeared for the camp (Age group 35–75 yrs). An informed consent for the study was obtained from each patient. The clinical proforma was given to each patient to collect data such as height, weight, diet pattern, previous history of illness etc. The ongoing antidiabetic medications were stopped under medical supervision and the patients were provided with ‘Rajanyamalakadi’ tablets (dose 1–2 tablets each weighing 500mg). The dosage of the drug was decided by the supervising medical officer on a case to case basis, taking note of the clinical conditions and responsiveness of the patients. The patients were monitored for three months, who were divided into 6 groups based on their age and again into two groups, 5 & 6, based on their mean FBS values. ie; Normal Persons, Diabetics of age groups 35–45yrs, 46–55yrs, >55yrs and those with FBS < 145.9 mg% and > 145.9 mg%. The Ayurvedic medicine “Rajanyamalakadi” has showed significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects. In addition to that significant ameliorating effects on the elevated serum AST and ALT activities were also demonstrated by the treatment. The nutraceuticals present in the drug like Terpenoids, Polyphenols, Curcumin etc are responsible for the medicinal effects.
Key Words: Rajanyamalakadi, Antidiabetic, Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Salacia oblonga, Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (136.2 KB).
References
- 1.Mokdad A.H., Ford E.S., Bowman B.A. Diabetes Trends in the US 1990–1998. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1278–1283. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Paulose KP, Regi Jose, Augusti KT, Joseph PK. in Diabetes mellitus and its management edited by Dr.Paul Augustine, Regional cancer centre, Thiruvananthapuram and published by Health Forum of the School of medical education, M.G.University, Kottayam — 2001; PP 6–46: 65–84.
- 3.Diabetes Mellitus Report of a WHO study group. World Health Organ. Tech Rep Ser. 1985;727:1–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Inzucchi S.E. Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes. Scientific review. JAMA. 2002;287(3):360–372. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.3.360. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Nadkarni, Dr. K.M.1976. The Indian Materia Medica, with Ayurvedic, Unani and Home Remedies. Revised and enlarged by A.K.Nadkarni. 1954.
- 6.Kirtikar K.R., Basu B.D. Indian medicinal plants. 1984;I:582. [Google Scholar]
- 7.Augusti K.T., Joseph P., Babu T.D. Biologically active principles isolated from Salacia oblonga wall. Ind Physiol Pharmacol. 1995;39(4):415–417. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Krishnakumar K., Augusti K.T., Vijayammal P.L. Antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic activity of Salacia oblonga extract in diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2000;38(2):101–105. doi: 10.1076/1388-0209(200004)38:2;1-1;FT101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Muruganandan S., Srinivasan K., Gupta S., Gupta P.K., Lal J. Effect of Mangiferin on Hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97(3):497–501. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Mentreddy R. S. Medicinal Plant species with potential antidiabetic properties. J Sci Food Agriculture. 2007;87(5):743–750. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2811. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Yoshikawa M., Murakami T., Shimada H., Matsuda H., Yamahara J., Tanabe G., Muraoka O. Salacinol, Potent antidiabetic principle with unique thiosugar sulfonium sulphate structure from the ayurvedic traditional medicine Salacia reticulate in Srilanka and India. Tetrahedron Letters. 1997;38(48):8367–8370. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(97)10270-2. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Srimal R.C. Curcumin in drugs of the future. Phytotherapy. 1997;68:483–493. [Google Scholar]
- 13.Polasa K., Sesikaran B., Krishnaswamy K. Antimutagenicity of curcumin and turmeric. Proc Nutr Soc Ind. 1990;36:102. [Google Scholar]
- 14.Bhattachrya A., Chatterjee A., Ghosal A., Bhattacharya S.K. Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla) Ind J Exp Biol. 1999;37(7):676–680. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Scartezzini P., Speroni E. Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1–2):23–43. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00213-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Jose J.K., Kuttan R. Antioxidant activity of Emblica officinalis. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 1995;19:63–70. [Google Scholar]
- 17.Thakur C.P. Emblica officinalis reduces serum, aortic and hepatic cholesterol in rabbits. Experentia. 1985;41:423–424. doi: 10.1007/BF02004540. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Dhir H.I., Agarwal K., Sharma A., Talukdar G. Modifying role of Phyllanthus emblica and ascorbic acid against nickel elastogenecity in mice. Cancer Letters. 1991;59(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(91)90129-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Babu P.S., Srinivasan K. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in stretozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997;166(1–2):169–175. doi: 10.1023/A:1006819605211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.Krishnakumar K., Augusti K.T., Vijayammal P.L. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Salacia oblonga wall extract in streptozotocin — diabetic rats. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999;43(4):510–514. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21.Cherian S., Kumar V., Augusti K.T. Antidiabetic effect of a glycoside of pelargonidin isolated from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn. Ind J Biochem Biophys. 1992;29:380–382. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22.Krishnakumar K. Biochemical investigations on the active principles isolated from Salacia oblonga wall, Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Kerala. 2000: 71–86.
- 23.Sreenivasan K. Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: Spices as beneficial antidiabetic food adjuncts. Int J food Sciences and Nutrition. 2005;56(6):399–414. doi: 10.1080/09637480500512872. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 24.Tank R., Sharma N., Sharma I., Dixit V.P. Antidiabetic acitivity of C.Ionga in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian drugs. 1989;27(11):587–589. [Google Scholar]
- 25.Rai M.K. A review of some antidiabetic plants of India. Ancint Science Life. 1995;14(93):168–178. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 26.Free A.H. In: Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Sobotka H., Stewart C.P., editors. NewYork: Academic press; 1963. p. 67. [Google Scholar]
- 27.Yallow R.S. Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J Clin Invest. 1960;39:1157–1175. doi: 10.1172/JCI104130. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 28.Trivelli L.A., Ranney H.M., Lai H.T. Haemoglobin components in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. N Eng J Med. 1971;284:353–357. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197102182840703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 29.Allain C.C., Poon L.S., Chan C.S.G., Richmond W., Fu P.C. Enzymatic determination of total Serum Cholesterol. Clin Chem. 1974;20:470–475. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 30.Fossati P., Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem. 1982;28(10):2077–2080. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 31.Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., Fredrickson D.S. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499–502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 32.Falholt K., Falhott W., Lund B. An easy colorimetric method for routine determination of free fatty acids in plasma. Clin Chem Acta. 1973;46:105–111. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(73)90016-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 33.Anila L., Vijayalakshmi N.R. Flavonoids from Emblica officinalis and Mangifera indica-effectiveness for dyslipidemia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;79(1):81–87. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00361-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 34.Srivastava S.K., Beutler E. Transport of oxidized Glutathione from human erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1969;244:9–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 35.Reitman S., Frankel S. Colorimetric determination of SGOT and SGPT activity. Am J Clin Path. 1957;28:56–63. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 36.Natelson S, Thomas CC. Springfield, Illinois. Microtechniques of Clinical Chemistry for the routine laboratory. 1957; P. 381.
- 37.Brod J., Sirota J.H. The renal clearance of endogenous creatinine clearance in man. J Clin Invest. 1948;27:645–651. doi: 10.1172/JCI102012. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 38.Pallant, J. SPSS Service Manual. A service guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows (version 10) Allen and Anwin 2001.
- 39.Levesque R. SPSS Programming and Data management. A guide for SPSS and SAS users. Fourth edition. Chicago Ill: SPSS Inc.; 2007. [Google Scholar]
- 40.Augusti K.T., Sunil N.P., Abraham A., Thomas S., Chemmanam V. A comparative study on the effects of diet and exercise, metformin and metformin + pioglitazone treatment on NIDDM patients. Ind J Clin Biochem. 2007;22(2):65–69. doi: 10.1007/BF02913316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]