Abstract
Bifid Mandibular Condyle (BMC) are usually diagnosed on routine radiographic examination, is described in the literature as a rare entity. It is reported that BMC has no predilection by sex or ethnic background or the age. The etiopathogenesis of BMC still remains controversial and proper description of the condition is not defined owing to fewer reported cases. Dental professionals should have some knowledge of this anatomic abnormality, as well as its implications for function and appropriate treatment modalities, so that they can be alert to this potential diagnosis. This paper reports the largest series of BMC, using CT scans with history of trauma and presents some of the characteristic clinical features.
Keywords: Bifid mandibular condyle, Tempromandibular joint trauma
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (146.0 KB).
References
- 1.Rehman T.A., Gibikote S., Ilango N., Thaj J., Sarawagi R., Gupta A. Bifid mandibular condyle with associated temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a computed tomography study of the patterns and morphological variations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38(4):239–244. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/12945701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Stefanou E.P., Fanourakis I.G., Vlastos K., Katerelou J. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Report of four cases. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1998;27(3):186–188. doi: 10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600343. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Cowan D.F., Ferguson M.M. Bifid mandibular condyle. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1997;26(1):70–73. doi: 10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600214. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Sales M.A., Amaral J.I., Amorim R.F., Almeida Freitas R. Bifid mandibular condyle: case report and etiological considerations. J Can Dent Assoc. 2004;70(3):158–162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Ramos F.M., Filho J.O., Manzi F.R., Boscolo F.N., Almeida S.M. Bifid mandibular condyle: a case report. J Oral Sci. 2006;48(1):35–37. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.48.35. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Antoniades K., Hadjpetrou L., Antoniades V., Paraskevopoulos K. Bilateral bifid condyle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;97(4):535–538. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.09.003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Szentpetery A., Kocsis G., Marcsik A. The problem of the bifid mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48(12):1254–1257. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(90)90477-J. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Gulati A., Virmani V., Ramanathan S., Verma L., Khandelwal N. Bifid mandibular condyle with temporomandibular joint ankylosis: report of two cases and review of literature. Skeletal Radiol. 2009;38(10):1023–1025. doi: 10.1007/s00256-009-0724-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Balaji SM (2010) Bifid mandibular condyle with temporomandibular joint ankylosis — a full data analyses. Dent Traumatology (accepted for publication) [DOI] [PubMed]
- 10.Garcia-Gonzales D., Martin-Granizo R., Lopez P. Imaging quiz case 4. Bifid mandibular condyle. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126(6):795–799. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Balaji S.M. Modified temporalis anchorage in craniomandibular reankylosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;32(5):480–485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Menezes A.V., Moraes Ramos F.M., Vasconcelos-Filho J.O., Kurita L.M., Almeida S.M., Haiter-Neto F. The prevalence of bifid mandibular condyle in a Brazilian Population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(4):220–223. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/72314113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]