Skip to main content
PMC home page
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry logoLink to Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry
. 2005 Jul;20(2):75–80. doi: 10.1007/BF02867404

Risk factors for coronary heart disease in type II diabetes mellitus

H Surekha Rani 1, G Madhavi 1, V Ramachandra Rao 1, B K Sahay 2, A Jyothy 1,✉
PMCID: PMC3453836  PMID: 23105537

Abstract

Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. An attempt has been made to evaluate the risk factors for coronary heart disease in type II diabetics. In the present study the levels of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides were high and the levels of high density lipoproteins were low in the type II diabetics compared to controls. The markers of free radical induced injury i.e. malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate were high while total antioxidant status a marker for antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species was low in diabetics compared to controls. The study therefore suggests the importance of assessing these markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity along with the other routine investigations in diabetic patients for initiating antioxidant therapy in addition to primary and secondary preventive measures to mitigate the devastating consequences of diabetes leading to coronary heart disease.

Key words: Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Heart Disease, Risk factors, Oxidative stress, Total antioxidant status

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (436.1 KB).

References

  • 1.King H., Aubert R.E., Herman W.H. Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025. Prevalence, numerical estimates and projection. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1414–1431. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.9.1414. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Ramachandran A., Snehalatha C., Viswanathan V. Burden of type 2 Diabetes and its complications—The Indian Scenario. Curr. Sci. 2002;83:1471–1476. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Deepa R, Arvind K., Mohan V. Diabetes and risk factors for coronary artery disease. Curr. Sci. 2002;83(12):1497–1505. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Dincer Y., Akcay T., Aldemir Z., Likova H. Effect of oxidative stress on glutathione pathway in red blood cells from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Met. 2002;51:1360–1362. doi: 10.1053/meta.2002.35192. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Maritim A.C., Sanders R.A., Watkins J.B. Diabetes, Oxidative stress, and antioxidants A review. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2003;17:24–38. doi: 10.1002/jbt.10058. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Jialal I., Devaraj S., Venugopal S.K. Oxidative stress, inflammation and diabetic vasculopathies: The role of alpha tocopherol therapy. Free radic. Res. 2002;36:1331–1336. doi: 10.1080/1071576021000038531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Ceriello A., Bortolotti N., Crescentini A., Motz E., Lizzio S., Russo A. Antioxidant defences are reduced during the oral glucose tolerance test in normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1998;28:329–333. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00295.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Gavino V.C., Miller J.S., Ikharebha S.O., Milo G.E., Cornwall D.G. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in tissue cultures. J. Lipid Res. 1981;22:763–769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Lepoivre M., Chenal B., Vapo A., Lamair G., Thalander L., Tenu J.P. Alteration of ribonucleotide reductase activity following induction of nitrite generating pathway in adenocarcinoma cells. J. Biolchemo. 1990;265:14143–14149. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Re R., Pellegrini R.R.N., Proteggente A., Pannala A., Yang M., Evans C.R. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free radical Biol. and Med. 1999;26:1231–1237. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Ajay K. Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes. Cardiology Today. 2001;4:221–224. [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Saxena K.K. Congestive Heart Failure in Diabetes. Cardiology Today. 2002;2:71–76. [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Feldman E.L. Oxidative stress and diabetic nephropathy: a new understanding of an old problem. J. Clin. Invest. 2000;111:431–433. doi: 10.1172/JCI17862. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Bonora E., Muggeo M. Post prandial blood glucose risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Type II diabetes; the epidemiological evidence. Diabetologia. 2001;44:2107–2114. doi: 10.1007/s001250100020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Castelli W.P. Cholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease. The Framingham heart study. Can. J. Cardiol. 1988;4:5–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Gopinath N., Chada S.C., Sehgal A., Shekhaw S., Tandon R. What is desirable lipid profile. Ind. heart J. 1994;46:325–327. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.McKeique P.M., Miller G.J., Marmol M.G. Coronary heart disease in South Asian overseas. A review. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1989;42:597–601. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(89)90002-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Uzel N., Sivas A., Uysal M., O Z.H. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activities in patients with diabetes mellitus. Horm. metab. Res. 1987;19:89–90. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1011748. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Gallou G., Ruelland A., Legras B., Maugendre D., Allannic H., Cloarec L. Plasma malondialdehyde in type I and type II diabetic patients. Clin. Chem. Acta. 1993;214:227–234. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90114-J. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Aydin A., Orhan H., Sayal A., Ozata M., Sahin G., Isimer A. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide related parameters in type II diabetes mellitus: effects of glycemic control. Clin. Biol. Chem. 2001;34:65–70. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(00)00199-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Seghrouchni I., Dral J., Bannier E. Oxidative stress parameters in type I, type II and insulin treated type II diabetes mellitus; insulin treatment efficiency. Clin. Chem. Acta. 2002;321:89–96. doi: 10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00099-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Leeuwenberg C., Hardy M.M., Hazen L.S., Wagner P., Ishi O.S., Steinbrecher U.P., Heineck Jay W. Reactive nitrogen intermediates promote low density lipoprotein oxidation in human atherosclerotic intima. J. Bio. Chem. 1997;272:1433–1436. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.3.1433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Chiou S.H., Chang C.J., Chou C.K., Hsu W.M., Liu J.H., Chain C.H. Increased nitric oxide levels in aqueous humor of diabetic patients with new vascular glaucoma. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:861–862. doi: 10.2337/diacare.22.5.861a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Kaneto H., Kajimoto Y., Miyagawa J., Matsuoka T., Fujitani Y., Umayahara Y., Hanafusa T., Matsuzawa Y., Yamasaki Y., Hori M. Beneficial Effects of Antioxidants in Diabetes. Diabetes. 1999;48:2398–2406. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2398. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Maxwell S.R. Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs. 1995;49:345–361. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199549030-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Maxwell S.R., Thomason H., Sandler D., Leguen C., Baxter M.A., Thorpe G.H., Jones A.F., Barnett A.H. Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1997;27:484–490. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1390687.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Pinzani P., Petruzzi E., Orlando C., Gallai R., Serio M., Pazzagli M. Serum antioxidant capacity in healthy and diabetic subjects as determined by enhanced chemiluminiscence. J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 1998;13:321–325. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1271(1998090)13:5<321::AID-BIO495>3.0.CO;2-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES