Skip to main content
PMC home page
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry logoLink to Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry
. 2003 Jul;18(2):136–149. doi: 10.1007/BF02867380

Studies on biochemical changes with special reference to oxidant and antioxidants in malaria patients

A G Kulkarni 1, A N Suryakar 1,✉, A S Sardeshmukh 1, D B Rathi 1
PMCID: PMC3453864  PMID: 23105405

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of malarial anemia. The present study was undertaken to study the role of oxidant and antioxidants in the patients ofPlasmodium falciparum malaria (n=25),Plasmodium vivax malaria (n=25) as against the normal control subjects (n=25). The parameters included are the hematological [hemoglobin, erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, ADP-induced platelet aggregation] and serum total lipid peroxide as an index of oxidative stress and antioxidants [erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, serum vitamin E] & serum iron.

Significant alterations in all above parameters were noted in both groups of malaria patients as compared to control subjects. Maximum significant alterations in hematological parameters were noticed inP. falciparum infection as compared toP. vivax malaria (p<0.001). Substantial rise in serum total lipid peroxides and a significant reduction in antioxidants such as serum vitamin E and serum iron were noted inP. falciparum malaria as compared toP. vivax malaria (p<0.001), whereas maximum decline in erythrocytic SOD activity was observed inP. vivax infection as compared toP. falciparum malaria (p<0.05). Follow-up examination revealed the restoration of the levels of all biochemical parameters to the normal level after 20 days of antimalarial therapy.

The study specified severity ofP. falciparum malaria and also functional duality of oxidant.

Key words: Hematological Parameters, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidants, Malaria

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (651.9 KB).

References

  • 1.Mannel D.N., Grau G.E. Role of platelet adhesion in homeostasis and immunopathology. J. Clin. Pathol. Mol. Pathol. 1997;50:175–185. doi: 10.1136/mp.50.4.175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Erel O., Kocyigit A., Avci S., Aktepe N., Bulut V. Oxidative stress and antioxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in patients with vivax malaria. Clin. Biochem. 1997;30:631–639. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9120(97)00119-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Das B.S., Nanda N.K. Evidence for erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in acute falciparum malaria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1999;93:58–62. doi: 10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90180-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Kremsner P.G., Greve B., Lell B., Luckner D., Schmid D. Malarial anemia in African children associated with high oxygen-radical production. Lancet. 2000;355:40–41. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04761-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Loria P., Miller S., Foley M., Tilley L. Inhibition of peroxidative degradation of heme as the basis of action of chloroquine and other quinoline antimalarials. Biochem. J. 1999;339:363–370. doi: 10.1042/0264-6021:3390363. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Rath R.N., Panigrahi N., Das B.K., Das P.K. Lipid peroxidation in acute falciparum malaria. Ind. J. Med. Res. 1991;93:303–305. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Ganguly N.K., Sandhu H., Dubey M.L., Mahajan R.C. Biochemical changes induced by malarial parasite. Ind. J. Med. Res. 1997;106:70–78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Hunt N.H., Stocker R. Oxidative stress and the redox status of malaria infected erythrocytes. Blood Cells. 1990;16:499–526. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Mohan K., Dubey M.L., Ganguly N.K., Mahajan R.C. Plasmodium falciparum induced perturbations of erythrocyte antioxidant system. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1992;209:19–26. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(92)90329-O. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Sood Ramnik (1994) Medical Laboratory Technology Methods & Interpretation 4th Ed Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. p. 184–185.
  • 11.O'Brien Some effects of adrenaline & noradrenaline compounds on platelets in vitro and in vivo. Nature. 1963;200:763–764. doi: 10.1038/200763a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Severini G. Uremic toxins and adenosine deaminase activity. Clin. Biochem. 1994;27:273–6. doi: 10.1016/0009-9120(94)90029-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Satoh K. Serum lipid peroxides in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1978;90:37–43. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(78)90081-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Marklund S., Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 1974;47:469–474. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Ramsay W.N.M. Determination of serum iron. Biochem. J. 1954;57:xvii–xvii. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Baker H., Frank O. Determination of Vitamin E. Clinical Vitaminology. New York: Wiley; 1968. pp. 172–172. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Pinder R. Malaria. Bristol: Scientechnica (Publishers) Ltd; 1973. [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Daddona P.E., Wiesmann W.P., Lambross C., Kelley W.N., Webster H.K. Human malaria parasite adenosine deaminase characterization in host enzyme deficient erythrocyte culture. J. Biol. Chem. 1984;259:1472–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Inyang A.L., Sodeinde O., Okapaku D.T., Essein E.M. Platelet reactions after interaction with culturedPlasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. Br. J. Hemat. 1987;66:375–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1987.tb06926.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Das B.S., Patnaik J.K., Mohanty S., Mishra S.K., Mohanty D., Satpathy S.K., Bose T.K. Plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation products infalciparum malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1993;49:720–725. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.720. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Ranz A., Meshnick S.R. Plasmodium falciparum inhibitor sensitivity of the endogenous superoxide dismutase. Exp. Parasitol. 1989;69:125–128. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(89)90180-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Sharma A. Subcellular distribution of superoxide dismutase and catalase in human malarial parasiteP. vivax. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 1993;31:275–277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Davis T.M.E., Binh T.Q., Danh P.T., John A.S., Garcia-Webb P., Anh A.K. Serum vitamin A and E concentrations in acute falciparum malaria: modulators or markers of severity? Clin. Sci. 1994;87:505–11. doi: 10.1042/cs0870505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Meydani M. Fat soluble vitamins-Vitamin E. Lancet. 1995;345:170–175. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90172-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Menendez C., Kahigwa E, Hirt R., Vounatsou P., Aponte J.J., Font F., et al. Randomized placebo controlled trial of iron supplementation and chemoprophylaxis for prevention of severe anemia and malaria in Tanzanian infants. Lancet. 1997;350:844–850. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04229-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES