Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1982 Feb;79(3):884–888. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.3.884

Specific cellular stimulation in the primary immune response: experimental test of a quantized model.

R Z Dintzis, B Vogelstein, H M Dintzis
PMCID: PMC345857  PMID: 6950432

Abstract

Dose-response and dose-suppression curves have been measured for the primary immune response in mice, in vivo and in vitro, by using size-fractionated linear polymers of acrylamide substituted with hapten. The results are in general agreement with a simple theory based on the premise that the specific primary immunological response is quantized at some fundamental and limiting step, requiring a minimum number of linked antigen receptors for response.

Full text

PDF
884

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersson J., Melchers F., Galanos C., Lüderitz O. The mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone marrow-derived mouse lymphocytes. Lipid A as the mitogenic part of the molecule. J Exp Med. 1973 Apr 1;137(4):943–953. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.4.943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bell G. I. B lymphocyte activation and lattice formation. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:23–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00146.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bretscher P. A., Cohn M. Minimal model for the mechanism of antibody induction and paralysis by antigen. Nature. 1968 Nov 2;220(5166):444–448. doi: 10.1038/220444a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Calderon J., Kiely J. M., Lefko J. L., Unanue E. R. The modulation of lymphocyte functions by molecules secreted by macrophages. I. Description and partial biochemical analysis. J Exp Med. 1975 Jul 1;142(1):151–164. doi: 10.1084/jem.142.1.151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Click R. E., Benck L., Alter B. J. Immune responses in vitro. I. Culture conditions for antibody synthesis. Cell Immunol. 1972 Feb;3(2):264–276. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(72)90165-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Coutinho A., Möller G. Editorial: Immune activation of B cells: evidence for 'one nonspecific triggering signal' not delivered by the Ig receptors. Scand J Immunol. 1974;3(2):133–146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DRESSER D. W. Specific inhibition of antibody production. II. Paralysis induced in adult mice by small quantities of protein antigen. Immunology. 1962 May;5:378–388. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Davie J. M., Paul W. E. Receptors on immunocompetent cells. IV. Direct measurement of avidity of cell receptors and cooperative binding of multivalent ligands. J Exp Med. 1972 Mar 1;135(3):643–659. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.3.643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dintzis H. M., Dintzis R. Z., Vogelstein B. Molecular determinants of immunogenicity: the immunon model of immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3671–3675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dutton R. W. Separate signals for the initiation of proliferation and differentiation in the b cell response to antigen. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:66–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00149.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Edelman G. M. Antibody structure and molecular immunology. Science. 1973 May 25;180(4088):830–840. doi: 10.1126/science.180.4088.830. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fanger M. W., Hart D. A., Wells J. V., Nisonoff A. Requirement for cross-linkage in the stimulation of transformation of rabbit peripheral lymphocytes by antiglobulin reagents. J Immunol. 1970 Dec;105(6):1484–1492. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Feldmann M., Howard J. G., Desaymard C. Role of antigen structure in the discrimination between tolerance and immunity by b cells. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:78–97. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00150.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Feldmann M. Induction of immunity and tolerance in vitro by hapten protein conjugates. I. The relationship between the degree of hapten conjugation and the immunogenicity of dinitrophenylated polymerized flagellin. J Exp Med. 1972 Apr 1;135(4):735–753. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.4.735. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Feldmann M., Nossal G. J. Tolerance, enhancement and the regulation of interactions between T cells, B cells and macrophages. Transplant Rev. 1972;13:3–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1972.tb00058.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gleason K., Pierce S., Köhler H. Generation of idiotype-specific T cell help through network perturbation. J Exp Med. 1981 Apr 1;153(4):924–935. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.4.924. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Golub E. S., Weigle W. O. Studies on the induction of immunologic unresponsiveness. 3. Antigen form and mouse strain variation. J Immunol. 1969 Feb;102(2):389–396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jerne N. K., Henry C., Nordin A. A., Fuji H., Koros A. M., Lefkovits I. Plaque forming cells: methodology and theory. Transplant Rev. 1974;18:130–191. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1974.tb01588.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Johnson R. J., Pasternack G. R., Drysdale B. E., Shin H. S. Antibody-mediated suppression of tumor growth. III. Molecular assay of murine IgG1 alloantibody required to cause tumor suppression in vivo. J Immunol. 1977 Feb;118(2):498–504. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mitchell G. F. T cell modification of B cell responses to antigen in mice. Contemp Top Immunobiol. 1974;3:97–116. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3045-5_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mosier D. E., Johnson B. M., Paul W. E., McMaster P. R. Cellular requirements for the primary in vitro antibody response to DNP-ficoll. J Exp Med. 1974 May 1;139(5):1354–1360. doi: 10.1084/jem.139.5.1354. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Möller G. One non-specific signal triggers b lymphocytes. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:126–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Peacock J. S., Barisas B. G. Photobleaching recovery studies of antigen-specific mouse lymphocyte stimulation by DNP-conjugated polymerized flagellin. J Immunol. 1981 Sep;127(3):900–906. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pike B. E., Battye F. L., Nossal G. J. Effect of hapten valency and carrier composition on the tolerogenic potential of hapten-protein conjugates. J Immunol. 1981 Jan;126(1):89–94. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sela M. Immunological studies with synthetic polypeptides. Adv Immunol. 1966;5:29–129. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60272-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sela M., Mozes E. The role of antigenic structure in B lymphocyte activation. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:189–201. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00158.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sy M. S., Nisonoff A., Germain R. N., Benacerraf B., Greene M. I. Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. VIII. Suppression of idiotype-negative, p-azobenzenearsonate-specific T cells results from the interaction of an anti-idiotypic second-order T suppressor cell with a cross-reactive-idiotype-positive, p-azobenzenearsonate-primed T cell target. J Exp Med. 1981 Jun 1;153(6):1415–1425. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.6.1415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Unanue E. R. The regulation of lymphocyte functions by the macrophage. Immunol Rev. 1978;40:227–255. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1978.tb00408.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Unanue E. R. The regulation of lymphocyte functions by the macrophage. Immunol Rev. 1978;40:227–255. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1978.tb00408.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Vogelstein B., Dintzis R. Z., Dintzis H. M. Specific cellular stimulation in the primary immune response: a quantized model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):395–399. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.395. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Waldmann H., Poulton P., Desaymard C. Antigen-non-specific T-cell factor in B-cell activation. Origin, biological properties and failure to show a relationship to H-2. Immunology. 1976 May;30(5):723–733. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wood D. D., Cameron P. M. The relationship between bacterial endotoxin and human B cell-activating factor. J Immunol. 1978 Jul;121(1):53–60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES