Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1982 Sep;79(17):5189–5193. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.17.5189

Fragments of the simian virus 40 transforming gene facilitate transformation of rat embryo cells.

W W Colby, T Shenk
PMCID: PMC346860  PMID: 6291029

Abstract

Segments of the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome that encode only fragments of large tumor antigen can facilitate immortalization of secondary rat embryo cells. The phenotypes of the immortalized cells range from nearly "normal" to fully transformed. All of the cell lines contain SV40 sequences and express unstable NH2-terminal fragments of large tumor antigen. SV40 small tumor antigen does not appear to be essential for either immortalization or transformation.

Full text

PDF
5189

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alwine J. C., Reed S. I., Stark G. R. Characterization of the autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):22–27. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.22-27.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Birg F., Dulbecco R., Fried M., Kamen R. State and organization of polyoma virus DNA sequences in transformed rat cell lines. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):633–648. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.633-648.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chepelinsky A. B., Seif R., Martin R. G. Integration of the simian virus 40 genome into cellular DNA in temperature-sensitive (N) and temperature-insensitive (A) transformants of 3T3 rat and Chinese hamster lung cells. J Virol. 1980 Jul;35(1):184–193. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.1.184-193.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chowdhury K., Light S. E., Garon C. F., Ito Y., Israel M. A. A cloned polyoma DNA fragment representing the 5' half of the early gene region is oncogenic. J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):566–574. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.2.566-574.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Clayton C. E., Rigby P. W. Cloning and characterization of the integrated viral DNA from three lines of SV40-transformed mouse cells. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):547–559. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90073-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Edwards C. A., Khoury G., Martin R. G. Phosphorylation of T-antigen and control T-antigen expression in cells transformed by wild-type and tsA mutants of simian virus 40. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):753–762. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.753-762.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gross-Bellard M., Oudet P., Chambon P. Isolation of high-molecular-weight DNA from mammalian cells. Eur J Biochem. 1973 Jul 2;36(1):32–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02881.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Harlow E., Crawford L. V., Pim D. C., Williamson N. M. Monoclonal antibodies specific for simian virus 40 tumor antigens. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):861–869. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.861-869.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hassell J. A., Topp W. C., Rifkin D. B., Moreau P. E. Transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts by cloned polyoma virus DNA fragments containing only part of the early region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3978–3982. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kaplan P. L., Topp W. C., Ozanne B. Simian virus 40 induces the production of a polypeptide transforming factor(s). Virology. 1981 Jan 30;108(2):484–490. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90455-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lane D. P., Crawford L. V. T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature. 1979 Mar 15;278(5701):261–263. doi: 10.1038/278261a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lania L., Gandini-Attardi D., Griffiths M., Cooke B., De Cicco D., Fried M. The polyoma virus 100K large T-antigen is not required for the maintenance of transformation. Virology. 1980 Feb;101(1):217–232. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90497-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Linzer D. I., Levine A. J. Characterization of a 54K dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell. 1979 May;17(1):43–52. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90293-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Logan J., Nicolas J. C., Topp W. C., Girard M., Shenk T., Levine A. J. Transformation by adenovirus early region 2A temperature-sensitive mutants and their revertants. Virology. 1981 Dec;115(2):419–422. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90126-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McCormick F., Chaudry F., Harvey R., Smith R., Rigby P. W., Paucha E., Smith A. E. T antigens of SV40-transformed cells. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 1):171–178. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Novak U., Dilworth S. M., Griffin B. E. Coding capacity of a 35 percent fragment of the polyoma virus genome is sufficient to initiate and maintain cellular transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3278–3282. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3278. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Oren M., Maltzman W., Levine A. J. Post-translational regulation of the 54K cellular tumor antigen in normal and transformed cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Feb;1(2):101–110. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.2.101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Pintel D., Bouck N., di Mayorca G. Separation of lytic and transforming functions of the simian virus 40 A region: two mutants which are temperature sensitive for lytic functions have opposite effects on transformation. J Virol. 1981 May;38(2):518–528. doi: 10.1128/jvi.38.2.518-528.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pollack R., Lo A., Steinberg B., Smith K., Shure H., Blanck G., Verderame M. SV40 and cellular gene expression in the maintenance of the tumorigenic syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 1):681–688. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.072. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Prives C., Barnet B., Scheller A., Khoury G., Jay G. Discrete regions of simian virus 40 large T antigen are required for nonspecific and viral origin-specific DNA binding. J Virol. 1982 Jul;43(1):73–82. doi: 10.1128/jvi.43.1.73-82.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Reed S. I., Stark G. R., Alwine J. C. Autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A by T antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3083–3087. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Risser R., Rifkin D., Pollack R. The stable classes of transformed cells induced by SV40 infection of established 3T3 cells and primary rat embryonic cells. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 1):317–324. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.042. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ross S. R., Flint S. J., Levine A. J. Identification of the adenovirus early proteins and their genomic map positions. Virology. 1980 Jan 30;100(2):419–432. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90533-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sarnow P., Ho Y. S., Williams J., Levine A. J. Adenovirus E1b-58kd tumor antigen and SV40 large tumor antigen are physically associated with the same 54 kd cellular protein in transformed cells. Cell. 1982 Feb;28(2):387–394. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90356-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Seif R., Cuzin F. Temperature-sensitive growth regulation in one type of transformed rat cells induced by the tsa mutant of polyoma virus. J Virol. 1977 Dec;24(3):721–728. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.3.721-728.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Seif R., Martin R. G. Growth state of the cell early after infection with simian virus 40 determines whether the maintenance of transformation will be A-gene dependent or independent. J Virol. 1979 Aug;31(2):350–359. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.2.350-359.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Shenk T. E., Carbon J., Berg P. Construction and analysis of viable deletion mutants of simian virus 40. J Virol. 1976 May;18(2):664–671. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.2.664-671.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shin S. I., Freedman V. H., Risser R., Pollack R. Tumorigenicity of virus-transformed cells in nude mice is correlated specifically with anchorage independent growth in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4435–4439. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Shortle D. R., Margolskee R. F., Nathans D. Mutational analysis of the simian virus 40 replicon: pseudorevertants of mutants with a defective replication origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6128–6131. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6128. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tegtmeyer P. Function of simian virus 40 gene A in transforming infection. J Virol. 1975 Mar;15(3):613–618. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.3.613-618.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Tegtmeyer P., Schwartz M., Collins J. K., Rundell K. Regulation of tumor antigen synthesis by simain virus 40 gene A. J Virol. 1975 Jul;16(1):168–178. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.1.168-178.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Thimmappaya B., Shenk T. Nucleotide sequence analysis of viable deletion mutants lacking segments of the simian virus 40 genome coding for small t antigen. J Virol. 1979 Jun;30(3):668–673. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.3.668-673.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Wahl G. M., Stern M., Stark G. R. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3683–3687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Wigler M., Pellicer A., Silverstein S., Axel R., Urlaub G., Chasin L. DNA-mediated transfer of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus into mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1373–1376. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.3.1373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES