Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1982 Jul;37(1):151–154. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.1.151-154.1982

Release of toxic microvesicles by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

A Nowotny, U H Behling, B Hammond, C H Lai, M Listgarten, P H Pham, F Sanavi
PMCID: PMC347503  PMID: 7049947

Abstract

Oral isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (strain Y4) release spherical microvesicles in large numbers during normal growth. The biological activities of these products were studied, and it was estimated that approximately 1/10 of their dry weight was made up of heat- and proteolysis-resistant endotoxin. The chicken embryo lethality and bone-resorbing activity of the microvesicles were heat stable but proteolysis sensitive. Other laboratories have reported the presence of a heat- and proteolysis-sensitive leukotoxin in similar preparations. Accordingly, the microvesicles released by strain Y4 may contain, in addition to endotoxin, several potent substances which are highly toxic and active in bone resorption, and these may be significant factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Full text

PDF
151

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baehni P., Tsai C. C., McArthur W. P., Hammond B. F., Taichman N. S. Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. VIII. Detection of leukotoxic activity of a plaque-derived gram-negative microorganism. Infect Immun. 1979 Apr;24(1):233–243. doi: 10.1128/iai.24.1.233-243.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Devoe I. W., Gilchrist J. E. Release of endotoxin in the form of cell wall blebs during in vitro growth of Neisseria meningitidis. J Exp Med. 1973 Nov 1;138(5):1156–1167. doi: 10.1084/jem.138.5.1156. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hausmann E., Raisz L. G., Miller W. A. Endotoxin: stimulation of bone resorption in tissue culture. Science. 1970 May 15;168(3933):862–864. doi: 10.1126/science.168.3933.862. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Horton J. E., Raisz L. G., Simmons H. A., Oppenheim J. J., Mergenhagen S. E. Bone resorbing activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes. Science. 1972 Sep 1;177(4051):793–795. doi: 10.1126/science.177.4051.793. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Irving J. T., Newman M. G., Socransky S. S., Heely J. D. Histological changes in experimental periodontal disease in rats mono-infected with a gram-negative organism. Arch Oral Biol. 1975 Mar;20(3):219–220. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(75)90013-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Lai C. H., Listgarten M. A., Hammond B. F. Comparative ultrastructure of leukotoxic and non-leukotoxic strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res. 1981 Jul;16(4):379–389. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00989.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lehrer S., Nowotny A. Isolation and purification of endotoxin by hydrolytic enzymes. Infect Immun. 1972 Dec;6(6):928–933. doi: 10.1128/iai.6.6.928-933.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Listgarten M. A., Lai C. H. Comparative ultrastructure of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies. J Periodontal Res. 1979 Jul;14(4):332–340. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1979.tb00797.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Markham J. L., Knox K. W., Wicken A. J., Hewett M. J. Formation of extracellular lipoteichoic acid by oral streptococci and lactobacilli. Infect Immun. 1975 Aug;12(2):378–386. doi: 10.1128/iai.12.2.378-386.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Marsh D. G., Crutchley M. J. Purification and physico-chemical analysis of fractions from the culture supernatant of Escherichia coli O78K80: free endotoxin and a non-toxic fraction. J Gen Microbiol. 1967 Jun;47(3):405–420. doi: 10.1099/00221287-47-3-405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Newman M. G., Socransky S. S. Predominant cultivable microbiota in periodontosis. J Periodontal Res. 1977 Mar;12(2):120–128. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00114.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Poirier T. P., Tonelli S. J., Holt S. C. Ultrastructure of gliding bacteria: scanning electron microscopy of Capnocytophaga sputigena, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga ochracea. Infect Immun. 1979 Dec;26(3):1146–1158. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.3.1146-1158.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Raisz L. G., Niemann I. Effect of phosphate, calcium and magnesium on bone resorption and hormonal responses in tissue culture. Endocrinology. 1969 Sep;85(3):446–452. doi: 10.1210/endo-85-3-446. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Robinson P. J., Shapiro I. M. The effect of endotoxin and human dental plaque on the respiratory rate of bone cells. J Periodontal Res. 1975 Dec;10(6):305–308. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1975.tb00038.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. SMITH R. T., THOMAS L. The lethal effect of endotoxins on the chick embryo. J Exp Med. 1956 Aug 1;104(2):217–231. doi: 10.1084/jem.104.2.217. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Slots J., Reynolds H. S., Genco R. J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: a cross-sectional microbiological investigation. Infect Immun. 1980 Sep;29(3):1013–1020. doi: 10.1128/iai.29.3.1013-1020.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Tripodi D., Nowotny A. Relation of structure to function in bacterial O-antigens. V. Nature of active sites in endotoxic lipopolysaccharides of Serratia marcescens. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):604–621. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52392.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Work E., Knox K. W., Vesk M. The chemistry and electron microscopy of an extracellular lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):438–449. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52382.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES