Figure 2.

Multimodal theranostic capabilities of exogenous porphyrins. a) Human esophageal cancer successfully treated with PDT ³⁶. b) Photothermal image of a xenograft bearing mouse injected with porphysomes and then irradiated by laser for 1 min showing tumor temperature rapidly rising above 60 ^ºC ⁴⁴. c) Radiotherapy: Melanoma imaging of ¹⁸⁸Re-T_3,4 CPP in tumor bearing mice. Scintigraphic images were collected at 8h (a1) and 24 h (a2), showing porphyrin potential in radiotherapy and imaging ⁸⁵. d) Near infrared fluorescence imaging of porphysome activation in a KB xenograft bearing mouse ⁴⁴. e) Fluorescence Guided Resection (FGR): the surgical cavity after white light resection of brain tumor in rabbit (top), fluorescence imaging of PpIX showing tumor margins. Additional FGR can improve the accuracy of resection ¹⁰⁵. f) Photoacoustic image of rat lymphatics mapped following intradermal injection of porphysomes in rats ⁴⁴. g) PET imaging showing clear delineation between the tumor and other tissues by PET was obtained at 4, 24 h after intravenous injection of a targeted ⁶⁴Cu porphyrin ¹¹⁶. h) MR imaging: In the top precontrast T1 weighted image, the infarcted right liver lobe (arrow) was barely detected whereas 24 h after injection of Gadophrin-2 at 0.05 mmol/kg the infarcted liver lobe was strongly enhanced (bottom) ¹²⁵. Reproduced with permission from the publishers of corresponding references.