Table 1. Characteristics of eyes with uveitis and hypotony (<5 mmHg vs 5+ mmHg) at presentation.
| Intraocular Pressures | Univariate | Multivariate* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5 mmHg n=189 |
5-7 mmHg n=196 |
>7 mmHg n=10734 |
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
p-value | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
p-value | |||
| Age | <18 | 28.30% | 27.80% | 16.20% | 2.26 (1.43 - 3.58) | <.001 | 1.06 (0.52 - 2.17) | 0.63 | |
| 18-25 | 10.90% | 12.90% | 12.40% | 1.17 (0.65 - 2.11) | 0.78 (0.35 - 1.73) | ||||
| 26-35 | 17.90% | 19.10% | 20.90% | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 36-45 | 19.00% | 18.60% | 19.60% | 1.22 (0.74 - 2.02) | 1.19 (0.67 - 2.14) | ||||
| 46-55 | 9.80% | 11.30% | 14.80% | 0.82 (0.46 - 1.45) | 0.59 (0.27 - 1.32) | ||||
| 56-65 | 3.80% | 3.60% | 8.60% | 0.52 (0.22 - 1.22) | 0.69 (0.26 - 1.83) | ||||
| >65 | 10.30% | 6.70% | 7.50% | 1.58 (0.87 - 2.88) | 0.77 (0.31 - 1.92) | ||||
| Gender | Female | 67.20% | 60.70% | 64.10% | Reference | 0.53 | Reference | 0.94 | |
| Male | 32.80% | 39.30% | 35.90% | 0.90 (0.66 - 1.24) | 0.98 (0.63 - 1.53) | ||||
| Race | White | 56.60% | 56.10% | 72.10% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.14 | |
| African-derived | 32.30% | 28.10% | 15.70% | 2.69 (1.93 - 3.75) | 1.58 (0.94 - 2.67) | ||||
| Other | 11.10% | 15.80% | 12.20% | 1.36 (0.84 - 2.21) | 1.55 (0.82 - 2.94) | ||||
| Contralateral uveitis |
Yes | 89.40% | 78.10% | 82.60% | Reference | 0.02 | Reference | 0.31 | |
| No | 10.60% | 21.90% | 17.40% | 0.61 (0.40 - 0.92) | 0.72 (0.39 - 1.35) | ||||
| Hypertension | No | 73.00% | 84.20% | 82.80% | Reference | 0.03 | Reference | 0.41 | |
| Yes | 27.00% | 15.80% | 17.20% | 1.48 (1.04 - 2.10) | 0.80 (0.46 - 1.37) | ||||
| Diabetes | No | 89.40% | 94.90% | 94.80% | Reference | 0.002 | Reference | 0.27 | |
| Yes | 10.60% | 5.10% | 5.20% | 2.16 (1.34 - 3.48) | 1.50 (0.73 - 3.08) | ||||
| Systemic diseases |
Any† | 36.50% | 34.70% | 24.10% | 1.80 (1.31 - 2.47) | <.001 | 0.94 (0.49 - 1.78) | 0.84 | |
| HLA-B27 and/or spondyloarthropathy | 6.30% | 12.20% | 10.40% | 0.55 (0.30 - 1.02) | 0.06 | 0.70 (0.31 - 1.57) | 0.39 | ||
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 18.00% | 15.30% | 5.00% | 4.39 (2.95 - 6.55) | <.001 | 1.91 (0.93 - 3.92) | 0.08 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 11.60% | 9.20% | 7.10% | 1.68 (1.03 - 2.76) | 0.04 | 1.83 (0.95 - 3.53) | 0.07 | ||
| Type of uveitis | Anterior Uveitis | 56.60% | 59.70% | 54.10% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.04 | |
| Intermediate Uveitis | 2.60% | 12.80% | 17.30% | 0.27 (0.13 - 0.56) | 0.35 (0.14 - 0.84) | ||||
| Panuveitis | 34.40% | 20.90% | 11.60% | 2.61 (1.86 - 3.67) | 1.20 (0.72 - 2.00) | ||||
| Posterior Uveitis | 6.30% | 6.60% | 17.00% | 0.38 (0.21 - 0.69) | 0.57 (0.28 - 1.14) | ||||
| Visual Acuity | 20/40 or better | 4.20% | 31.60% | 63.30% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | <.001 | |
| >20/40 - <20/200 | 11.60% | 24.50% | 20.60% | 5.59 (3.07 - 10.19) | 3.67 (1.78 - 7.59) | ||||
| 20/200 or worse | 84.10% | 43.90% | 16.00% | 36.15 (21.51 -60.78) | 13.85 (7.23 -26.53) | ||||
| Duration of uveitis at baseline |
<6 months | 19.00% | 36.70% | 35.40% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.21 | |
| 6 months to 2 years | 11.10% | 13.80% | 22.00% | 0.82 (0.48 - 1.38) | 1.04 (0.52 - 2.10) | ||||
| 2 to 5 years | 11.10% | 13.80% | 18.10% | 0.92 (0.54 - 1.59) | 1.06 (0.50 - 2.23) | ||||
| Greater than 5 years | 58.70% | 35.70% | 24.60% | 3.30 (2.28 - 4.78) | 1.71 (0.90 - 3.24) | ||||
| Prior Cataract Surgery by Type |
None | 37.60% | 65.30% | 87.60% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | <.001 | |
| Phacoemulsification | 1.10% | 4.60% | 2.30% | 1.88 (0.75 - 4.74) | 2.39 (0.76 - 7.49) | ||||
| Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) | 10.10% | 8.20% | 2.60% | 7.01 (4.03 - 12.20) | 4.75 (2.10 - 10.78) | ||||
| Intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) | 5.80% | 2.00% | 0.50% | 24.01 (9.69 -59.47) | 36.48 (12.09 -110.06) | ||||
| Pars plana lensectomy | 7.40% | 1.50% | 0.70% | 15.10 (7.17 -31.82) | 8.78 (3.38 - 22.86) | ||||
| Unknown | 38.10% | 18.40% | 6.30% | 10.66 (7.36 -15.43) | 9.51 (5.44 - 16.60) | ||||
| Prior Glaucoma Surgery |
No | 84.70% | 86.20% | 97.00% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 15.30% | 13.80% | 3.00% | 4.47 (2.74 - 7.29) | 2.61 (1.50 - 4.56) | ||||
| Prior Trabeculectomy |
No | 88.90% | 89.70% | 98.10% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.7 | |
| Yes | 11.10% | 10.30% | 1.90% | 5.68 (3.56 - 9.07) | 1.24 (0.42 - 3.60) | ||||
| Prior Tube- Shunt Surgery |
No | 94.70% | 95.90% | 99.40% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.28 | |
| Yes | 5.30% | 4.10% | 0.60% | 5.83 (2.13 - 15.93) | 1.72 (0.64 - 4.63) | ||||
| Prior Pars Plana Vitrectomy | No | 76.20% | 90.80% | 97.10% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 23.80% | 9.20% | 2.90% | 6.43 (4.22 - 9.78) | 2.76 (1.57 - 4.84) | ||||
| Prior Retinal Detachment Surgery |
No | 93.10% | 96.90% | 99.10% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.62 | |
| Yes | 6.90% | 3.10% | 0.90% | 5.48 (2.54 - 11.86) | 1.28 (0.48 - 3.45) | ||||
| Signs of Inflammatory Activity at Presentation |
Anterior chamber cells | Quiet | 56.10% | 32.50% | 56.20% | Reference | 0.32 | Reference | 0.21 |
| 0.5+ | 15.60% | 14.70% | 16.50% | 0.88 (0.57 - 1.37) | 0.96 (0.57 - 1.63) | ||||
| 1+ | 12.10% | 20.40% | 12.40% | 0.88 (0.53 - 1.46) | 0.80 (0.43 - 1.52) | ||||
| 2+ | 8.70% | 18.30% | 9.70% | 1.16 (0.72 - 1.86) | 1.22 (0.64 - 2.33) | ||||
| 3+ or worse | 7.50% | 14.10% | 5.20% | 1.64 (0.96 - 2.80) | 2.15 (1.04 - 4.44) | ||||
| Vitreous cells | Quiet | 58.70% | 53.60% | 57.60% | Reference | 0.008 | Reference | 0.03 | |
| 0.5+ | 11.90% | 9.80% | 12.70% | 0.79 (0.42 - 1.49) | 0.87 (0.45 - 1.69) | ||||
| 1+ | 7.90% | 16.30% | 15.30% | 0.62 (0.35 - 1.09) | 1.09 (0.53 - 2.24) | ||||
| 2+ | 12.70% | 13.10% | 10.90% | 1.37 (0.81 - 2.30) | 2.12 (1.14 - 3.92) | ||||
| 3+ or worse | 8.70% | 7.20% | 3.40% | 2.28 (1.26 - 4.12) | 2.46 (1.15 - 5.30) | ||||
| Vitreous haze | Quiet | 70.90% | 74.30% | 82.90% | Reference | <.001 | Reference | 0.02 | |
| 1+ | 17.90% | 13.50% | 10.90% | 1.86 (1.15 - 3.03) | 2.22 (1.31 - 3.74) | ||||
| 2+ | 6.00% | 8.80% | 4.40% | 1.87 (0.95 - 3.67) | 1.44 (0.59 - 3.52) | ||||
| 3+ or worse | 5.10% | 3.40% | 1.80% | 3.69 (1.67 - 8.14) | 0.49 (0.06 - 3.74) | ||||
| Keratic precipitates | No | 85.50% | 70.50% | 84.20% | Reference | 0.99 | Reference | 0.44 | |
| Yes | 14.50% | 29.50% | 15.80% | 1.00 (0.60 - 1.66) | 0.77 (0.39 - 1.52) | ||||
| Structural complications | Any† | 67.80% | 62.20% | 43.00% | 2.28 (1.66 - 3.13) | <.001 | 1.60 (1.01 - 2.54) | 0.04 | |
| Band keratopathy | 33.10% | 19.10% | 4.10% | 10.71 (7.11 -16.14) | <.001 | 3.64 (1.69 - 7.84) | 0.001 | ||
| Peripheral anterior synechia |
15.30% | 8.30% | 3.60% | 4.19 (2.54 - 6.89) | <.001 | 1.63 (0.87 - 3.03) | 0.12 | ||
| Posterior synechia | 33.30% | 30.70% | 18.00% | 1.84 (1.31 - 2.58) | <.001 | 1.81 (1.14 - 2.87) | 0.01 | ||
| Exudative detachment | 16.50% | 3.60% | 1.30% | 8.81 (4.61 - 16.84) | <.001 | 6.97 (3.40 - 14.27) | <.001 | ||
†
Any systemic disease includes those in the table as well as Behçet’s disease. Any structural complication includes those in the table as well as choroidal neovascularization, epiretinal membrane, exudative detachment, macular edema and retinal neovascularization
‡
Vitreous cells and haze are never adjusted by anterior chamber cells
*
Adjusting for cataract surgery by type, prior glaucoma surgery, pars plana vitrectomy, retinal detachment surgery, sarcoidosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, type of uveitis, age, race, hypertension, diabetes, duration of uveitis at baseline, anterior chamber cells and exudative detachment
§
Hyperlipidemia, smoking status, epiretinal membrane, macular edema, and retinal vascular sheathing are excluded from the table because they were never found to be significant at p<0.10. Active lesions in choroid/retina, snowballs, snowbanking, Behçet's disease, choroidal neovascularization and retinal neovascularization are excluded from the table because people with these characteristics had fewer than 5 hypotony events