Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1983 Jan;39(1):262–269. doi: 10.1128/iai.39.1.262-269.1983

Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: development of cell-mediated immunity after vaccination of inbred mice.

T R Jerrells, B A Palmer, J V Osterman
PMCID: PMC347935  PMID: 6185433

Abstract

Mice immunized with three injections of gamma-irradiated Karp strain of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were evaluated for the presence of cell-mediated immunity by using delayed-type hypersensitivity, antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and antigen-induced lymphokine production. These animals also were evaluated for levels of circulating antibody after immunization as well as for the presence of rickettsemia after intraperitoneal challenge with viable Karp rickettsiae. After immunization with irradiated Karp rickettsiae, a demonstrable cell-mediated immunity was present as evidenced by delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness, lymphocyte proliferation, and production of migration inhibition factor and interferon by immune spleen lymphocytes. Also, a reduction in circulating rickettsiae was seen in mice immunized with irradiated rickettsiae after challenge with 1,000 50% mouse lethal doses of viable, homologous rickettsiae. All responses except antibody titer and reduction of rickettsemia were similar to the responses noted in mice immunized with viable organisms. Antibody levels were lower in mice immunized with irradiated rickettsiae than in mice immunized with viable rickettsiae. Furthermore, mice that were immunized with viable rickettsiae demonstrated markedly lower levels of rickettsemia after intraperitoneal challenge compared with either mice immunized with irradiated rickettsiae or nonimmunized mice.

Full text

PDF
262

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Eisemann C. S., Osterman J. V. Proteins of typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae. Infect Immun. 1976 Jul;14(1):155–162. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.1.155-162.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Eisenberg G. H., Jr, Osterman J. V. Experimental scrub typhus immunogens: gamma-irradiated and formalinized rickettsiae. Infect Immun. 1977 Jan;15(1):124–131. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.1.124-131.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Eisenberg G. H., Jr, Osterman J. V. Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: broad-spectrum immunity with combinations of rickettsial strains. Infect Immun. 1979 Oct;26(1):131–136. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.1.131-136.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Eisenberg G. H., Jr, Osterman J. V. Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: development and duration of immunity. Infect Immun. 1978 Oct;22(1):80–86. doi: 10.1128/iai.22.1.80-86.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Evans S. R., Johnson H. M. The induction of at least two distinct types of interferon in mouse spleen cell cultures by Corynebacterium parvum. Cell Immunol. 1981 Oct;64(1):64–72. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(81)90458-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Groves M. G., Osterman J. V. Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: genetics of natural resistance to infection. Infect Immun. 1978 Feb;19(2):583–588. doi: 10.1128/iai.19.2.583-588.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Heggers J. P., Mallavia L. P., Hinrichs D. J. The cellular immune response to antigens of Coxiella burneti. Can J Microbiol. 1974 May;20(5):657–662. doi: 10.1139/m74-101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Humphres R. C., Hinrichs D. J. Role of antibody in Coxiella burnetii infection. Infect Immun. 1981 Feb;31(2):641–645. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.2.641-645.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jerrells T. R., Mallavia L. P., Hinrichs D. J. Detection of long-term cellular immunity to Coxiella burneti as assayed by lymphocyte transformation. Infect Immun. 1975 Feb;11(2):280–286. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.2.280-286.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jerrells T. R., Osterman J. V. Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: delayed-type hypersensitivity responses of inbred mice. Infect Immun. 1982 Jan;35(1):117–123. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.1.117-123.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jerrells T. R., Osterman J. V. Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: inflammatory response of congenic C3H mice differing at the Ric gene. Infect Immun. 1981 Mar;31(3):1014–1022. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.3.1014-1022.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kenyon R. H., Ascher M. S., Kishimoto R. A., Pedersen C. E., Jr In vitro guinea pig leukocyte reactions to Rickettsia rickettsii. Infect Immun. 1977 Dec;18(3):840–846. doi: 10.1128/iai.18.3.840-846.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kishimoto R. A., Johnson J. W., Kenyon R. H., Ascher M. S., Larson E. W., Pedersen C. E., Jr Cell-mediated immune responses of guinea pigs to an inactivated phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine. Infect Immun. 1978 Jan;19(1):194–198. doi: 10.1128/iai.19.1.194-198.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lefford M. J. The measurement of tuberculin hypersensitivity in rats. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1974;47(4):570–585. doi: 10.1159/000231251. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McCoy J. L., Padarathsingh M., Dean J. H., Henriksen O., Natori T., Law L. W. Migration inhibition by an agarose microdroplet assay: monitoring of tumor-associated antigens on a simian virus 40-induced sarcoma. J Immunol. 1977 Jul;119(1):306–310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nacy C. A., Osterman J. V. Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: role of normal and activated macrophages. Infect Immun. 1979 Nov;26(2):744–750. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.2.744-750.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Neta R., Salvin S. B. In vivo release of lymphokines in different strains of mice. Cell Immunol. 1980 Apr;51(1):173–178. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(80)90247-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Neubauer R. H., Rabin H., Dunn F. E. Antiviral cell-mediated immune responses and effect of chromosome polymorphism in Herpesvirus saimiri-infected monkeys. Infect Immun. 1980 Feb;27(2):549–555. doi: 10.1128/iai.27.2.549-555.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Oaks S. C., Jr, Osterman J. V., Hetrick F. M. Plaque assay and cloning of scrub typhus rickettsiae in irradiated L-929 cells. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Jul;6(1):76–80. doi: 10.1128/jcm.6.1.76-80.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Padarathsingh M. L., Dean J. H., McCoy J. L., Lewis D. D., Northing J. W., Natori T., Law L. W. Cell-mediated immunity against particulate and solubilized tumor-associated antigens of murine plasmacytomas detected by macrophage migration inhibition assays. Int J Cancer. 1977 Oct 15;20(4):624–631. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910200421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Robinson D. M., Brown G., Gan E., Huxsoll D. L. Adaptation of a microimmunofluorescence test to the study of human Rickettsia tsutsugamuskh antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1976 Nov;25(6):900–905. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1976.25.900. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Shirai A., Catanzaro P. J., Phillips S. M., Osterman J. V. Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: role of cellular immunity in heterologous protection. Infect Immun. 1976 Jul;14(1):39–46. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.1.39-46.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Torres B. A., Yamamoto J. K., Johnson H. M. Cellular regulation of gamma interferon production: Lyt phenotype of the suppressor cell. Infect Immun. 1982 Mar;35(3):770–776. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.3.770-776.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Tse H. Y., Mond J. J., Paul W. E. T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferative response to antigen. I Genetic restriction of the stimulation of B lymphocyte proliferation. J Exp Med. 1981 Apr 1;153(4):871–882. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.4.871. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wisseman C. L., Jr, el Batawi Y., Wood W. H., Jr, Noriega A. R. Gross and microscopic skin reactions to killed typhus Rickettsiae in human beings. J Immunol. 1967 Jan;98(1):194–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES