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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1981 Nov;78(11):7230–7234. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.7230

Pattern recognition applied to presidential elections in the United States, 1860-1980: Role of integral social, economic, and political traits

A J Lichtman *, V I Keilis-Borok †
PMCID: PMC349231  PMID: 16593125

Abstract

The outcome of American presidential elections in 1860-1980 follows certain regular patterns which can be described phenomenologically by simple integral parameters of “common sense” type.

Keywords: algorithm of recognition, parametrization of qualitative problem, dynamics of society

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