Table 1.

Inputs, outputs and balance of phosphorus (tons year⁻¹and kg ha⁻¹) for Swedish agriculture and the food chain

	P (kg ha−1)	P (tons year−1)	Sources	Uncertainty factor
Input
Mineral fertilizers	3.5	10 800	1	1.1
Other fertilizers	0.3	860	2, 3	1.3
Imported fodder	1.8	5600	4, 5, 6, 7, 8	1.3
Feed minerals	0.9	2700	9	1.3
Live animals		4	10, 11	1.3
Atmospheric deposition	0.3	924	11, 12, 13	3
Import food excl. fish etc.	1.9	5760	8, 11, 14, 15, 16	1.5
Fish, seafood, game animals etc.	0.1	300	14, 15, 17	2
Other sources to wastewater	0.2	575	18, 19, 20	2
Total inputs	8.9	27 523
Output
Export food incl. cereals	1.8	5560	8, 11, 14, 15, 16	1.5
Losses from arable land	0.3	924	12, 13	1.3
Household food waste	0.4	1320	21	1.5
Food industry, waste, pet food	0.5	1550	2, 21, 22	1.5
Ethanol production, export of by-product	0.2	540	23	1.3
Emissions from private sewages	0.2	620	11, 19, 20, 24	2
Emissions WWTPs	0.1	285	25	1.5
Sludge to non agricultural use	1.3	4095	25	1.3
Total exports and losses	4.8	14 894
Balance (net input)	4.1	12 629
Uncertainty range	(3.6–5.0)	(11 000–15 500)

The calculated probable value was multiplied or divided by the uncertainty factor (Hedbrant and Sörme 2001)

¹Statistics Sweden (2011a), ² P.-J. Lööf, personal communication (2011), ³ E. Olsson, personal communication (2011), ⁴ SLU (2011a), ⁵ R. Spörndly, personal communication (2011), ⁶ Swedish Board of Agriculture (2009), ⁷ Swedish Board of Agriculture (2010a), ⁸ Statistics Sweden (2011b), ⁹ S.O. Malmqvist, personal communication (2011), ¹⁰ Swedish Board of Agriculture (2010b), ¹¹ Steineck et al. (2000), ¹² Swedish Board of Agriculture (2008), ¹³ Statistics Sweden (2011c), ¹⁴ Tiessen (1995), ¹⁵ National Food Agency (2011), ¹⁶ USDA (2011), ¹⁷ Swedish Board of Agriculture (2010c), ¹⁸ Statistics Sweden (2010b), ¹⁹ Vinnerås (2002), ²⁰ Swedish EPA (2006), ²¹ Wivstad et al. (2009), ²² L. Virto, personal communication (2011), ²³ B. Bäckman, personal communication (2011), ²⁴ Swedish EPA (2012), ²⁵ Statistics Sweden (2010a)