Table 1.
—Descriptive Characteristics of Identified Studies
| Study/Year | Study Design | Duration | Control Type | HF Inclusion Criteria | SDB Inclusion Criteria | Patients at Beginning of Trial, No. | Patients at Trial Completion, No. | Male Patients, % | Age (Mean ± SD), y |
| Pepperell et al22/2003 | Parallel; randomized | 1 mo | Subtherapeutic ASV | Stable HF, NYHA class ≥ II | 3% ODI > 10 events/h during PSG, > 50% central events | ASV: 15Control subjects: 15 | ASV: 15Control subjects: 11 | ASV: 100Control subjects: 93 | ASV: 71.4 ± 8.6Control subjects: 70.9 ± 7.9 |
| Philippe et al29/2006 | Parallel; randomized | 6 mo | CPAP | Stable HF, NYHA class ≥ II, LVEF ≤ 45% | AHI > 15 events/h, > 80% central events | ASV: 12Control subjects: 13 | ASV: 9Control subjects: 8 | ASV: 100Control subjects: 100 | ASV: 64.2 ± 15.5Control subjects: 60.3 ± 11.5 |
| Zhang et al27/2006 | Crossover; nonrandomized | 2 wk (washout 2 wk) | Nasal oxygen | Stable HF, no further details | “Predominant CSR on PSG”, obstructive AHI ≤ 10 events/h | Total: 14 (crossover trial) | Total: 14 (crossover trial) | Total: 57 (crossover trial) | Range, 39-58, no further details |
| Fietze et al25/2008 | Parallel; randomized | 6 wk | BPV | Stable HF, NYHA class II-III, LVEF < 45% | RDI > 15 events/h, < 20% obstructive events | ASV: 17Control subjects: 20 | 30 completed, no further details | ASV: 88Control subjects: 95 | ASV: 61.9 ± 9.1Control subjects: 56.4 ± 10.9 |
| Bitter et al26/2010 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 12 mo | Rejection of ASV or ASV use < 4 h/night | Stable HF, NYHA class II-III | AHI > 15 events/h, > 50% central events | ASV: 46Control subjects: 39 | ASV: 39Control subjects: 21 | ASV: 85Control subjects: 86 | ASV: 67.4 ± 8.5Control subjects: 69.7 ± 7.9 |
| Hastings et al30/2010 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 6 mo | No treatment | Stable HF, NYHA class II-III, LVEF < 45% | AHI > 15 events/h, no further details | ASV: 14Control subjects: 8 | ASV: 11Control subjects: 8 | ASV: 100Control subjects: 100 | ASV: 61.3 ± 10Control subjects: 64.5 ± 7.8 |
| Kasai et al31/2010 | Parallel; randomized | 3 mo | CPAP | Stable HF, NYHA class ≥ II, LVEF < 50% | Total AHI ≥ 15 events/h, obstructive AHI ≥ 5 events/h | ASV: 16Control subjects: 15 | ASV: 15Control subjects: 15 | ASV: 100Control subjects: 100 | ASV: 56.9 ± 14.3Control subjects: 56.5 ± 12.6 |
| Koyama et al32/2010 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 4 wk | No treatment | Stable HF, NYHA class II-III, LVEF < 55% | AHI ≥ 15 events/h, majority central events | ASV: 10Control subjects: 7 | ASV: 10Control subjects: 7 | ASV: 80Control subjects: 57 | ASV: 68.4 ± 4.0Control subjects: 71.4 ± 7.6 |
| Haruki et al35/2011 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 5 mo | No treatment | Stable HF, NYHA class ≥ II, LVEF < 50% | AHI > 15 events/h, obstructive AHI ≤ 5 events/h | ASV: 15Control subjects: 15 | ASV: 15Control subjects: 11 | ASV: 73Control subjects: 73 | ASV: 67 ± 11Control subjects: 67 ± 14 |
| Oldenburg et al33/2011 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 7 mo | Rejection of ASV or ASV use < 50% of nights or ASV use < 4 h/night | Stable HF, NYHA class ≥ II, LVEF ≤ 40% | AHI ≥ 15 events/h, > 80% central events | ASV: 66Control subjects: 62 | ASV: 56Control subjects: 59 | ASV: 96Control subjects: 88 | ASV: 67.7 ± 9.5Control subjects: 62.5 ± 11.8 |
| Koyama et al34/2011 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 12 mo | Rejection of ASV or insufficient use of ASV, no further details | Stable HF, NYHA class II-III, LVEF < 55% | AHI ≥ 15 events/h, no further details. | ASV: 27Control subjects: 16 | ASV: 27Control subjects: 16 | ASV: 85Control subjects: 81 | ASV: 74.8 ± 7.6Control subjects: 75.4 ± 6.4 |
| Yoshihisa et al28/2011 | Parallel; nonrandomized | 6 mo | No treatment | Stable HF, NYHA class ≥ II | AHI > 15 events/h, central sleep apnea | ASV: 23Control subjects: 37 | ASV: 23Control subjects: 37 | ASV: 87Control subjects: 78 | ASV: 60.8 ± 13.7Control subjects: 60.5 ± 16.7 |
| Campbell et al24/2011 | Crossover; randomized | 8 wk (washout 3 wk) | Nasal oxygen | Stable HF, LVEF < 50% | AHI > 15 events/h, >50% central events | Total: 10 (crossover trial) | Total: 7 (crossover trial) | Total: 100 (crossover trial) | Total: 64 ± 6.8 |
| Randerath et al23/2012 | Parallel; randomized | 12 mo | CPAP | Stable HF, NYHA class II-III, LVEF ≥ 20% | AHI ≥ 15 events/h, ≤ 80% central events and 20%-50% obstructive events | ASV: 36Control subjects: 34 | ASV: 26Control subjects: 25 | ASV: 86Control subjects: 94 | ASV: 65.3 ± 10.0Control subjects: 67.4 ± 8.1 |
AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; ASV = adaptive servoventilation; BPV = bilevel pressure ventilation; CSR = Cheyne-Stokes respiration; HF = heart failure; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; ODI = oxygen desaturation index; PSG = polysomnography; SDB = sleep-disordered breathing.