Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1980 Jun;77(6):3322–3326. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3322

Replication of duplex DNA of phage phi X174 reconstituted with purified enzymes.

K Arai, N Arai, J Shlomai, A Kornberg
PMCID: PMC349607  PMID: 6447874

Abstract

Replication of the covalently closed duplex replicative form (RF) of phage phi X174 DNA has been achieved by coupling two known enzyme systems: (i) synthesis of viral strand circles (SS) from RF, and (ii) conversion of SS to nearly complete RF (RF II). In this coupled system, activated RF (gene A . RF II complex) was a more efficient template and generated as many as 10 RF II molecules per RF input, at a rate commensurate with SS synthesis. The 11 proteins required for the two component systems were all needed in the coupled RF duplication system; no new factors were required. Single-stranded DNA binding protein was needed for RF duplication at only 4% the level needed in its stoichiometric participation in SS synthesis. In addition to RF II, more complex replicative forms appeared late in the reaction, and their possible origin is discussed.

Full text

PDF
3322

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arai K., Kornberg A. A general priming system employing only dnaB protein and primase for DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4308–4312. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4308. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baas P. D., Teertstra W. R., Jansz H. S. Bacteriophage phiX174 RF DNA replication in vivo: a biochemical study. J Mol Biol. 1978 Oct 25;125(2):167–185. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90343-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bouché J. P., Rowen L., Kornberg A. The RNA primer synthesized by primase to initiate phage G4 DNA replication. J Biol Chem. 1978 Feb 10;253(3):765–769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Eisenberg S., Griffith J., Kornberg A. phiX174 cistron A protein is a multifunctional enzyme in DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Aug;74(8):3198–3202. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.8.3198. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Eisenberg S., Harbers B., Hours C., Denhardt D. T. The mechanism of replication of phiX174 DNA. XII. Non-random location of gaps in nascent phiX174 RF II DNA. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 25;99(1):107–123. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80162-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Eisenberg S., Kornberg A. Purification and characterization of phiX174 gene A protein. A multifunctional enzyme of duplex DNA replication. J Biol Chem. 1979 Jun 25;254(12):5328–5332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Eisenberg S., Scott J. F., Kornberg A. An enzyme system for replication of duplex circular DNA: the replicative form of phage phi X174. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 May;73(5):1594–1597. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.5.1594. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Eisenberg S., Scott J. F., Kornberg A. Enzymatic replication of viral and complementary strands of duplex DNA of phage phiX174 proceeds by seprate mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3151–3155. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Eisenberg S., Scott J. F., Kronberg A. Enzymatic replication of phiX174 duplex circles: continuous synthesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43(Pt 1):295–302. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.036. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fiddes J. C., Barrell B. G., Godson G. N. Nucleotide sequences of the separate origins of synthesis of bacteriophage G4 viral and complementary DNA strands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1081–1085. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gonzalez N., Wiggs J., Chamberlin M. J. A simple procedure for resolution of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme from core polymerase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1977 Aug;182(2):404–408. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90521-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Higgins N. P., Peebles C. L., Sugino A., Cozzarelli N. R. Purification of subunits of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and reconstitution of enzymatic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1773–1777. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ikeda J. E., Yudelevich A., Hurwitz J. Isolation and characterization of the protein coded by gene A of bacteriophage phiX174 DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Aug;73(8):2669–2673. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.8.2669. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Langeveld S. A., van Mansfeld A. D., Baas P. D., Jansz H. S., van Arkel G. A., Weisbeek P. J. Nucleotide sequence of the origin of replication in bacteriophage phiX174 RF DNA. Nature. 1978 Feb 2;271(5644):417–420. doi: 10.1038/271417a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Machida Y., Okazaki T., Okazaki R. Discontinuous replication of replicative form DNA from bacteriophage phiX174. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jul;74(7):2776–2779. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.7.2776. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McDonell M. W., Simon M. N., Studier F. W. Analysis of restriction fragments of T7 DNA and determination of molecular weights by electrophoresis in neutral and alkaline gels. J Mol Biol. 1977 Feb 15;110(1):119–146. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80102-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. McMacken R., Ueda K., Kornberg A. Migration of Escherichia coli dnaB protein on the template DNA strand as a mechanism in initiating DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4190–4194. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4190. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Meyer R. R., Shlomai J., Kobori J., Bates D. L., Rowen L., McMacken R., Ueda K., Kornberg A. Enzymatic conversion of single-stranded phiX174 and G4 circles to duplex forms: discontinuous replication. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43(Pt 1):289–293. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Scott J. F., Eisenberg S., Bertsch L. L., Kornberg A. A mechanism of duplex DNA replication revealed by enzymatic studies of phage phi X174: catalytic strand separation in advance of replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jan;74(1):193–197. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Scott J. F., Kornberg A. Purification of the rep protein of Escherichia coli. An ATPase which separates duplex DNA strands in advance of replication. J Biol Chem. 1978 May 10;253(9):3292–3297. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Shlomai J., Kornberg A. An Escherichia coli replication protein that recognizes a unique sequence within a hairpin region in phi X174 DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Feb;77(2):799–803. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.2.799. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Shlomai J., Kornberg A. Deoxyuridine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli. Purification, properties, and use as a reagent to reduce uracil incorporation into DNA. J Biol Chem. 1978 May 10;253(9):3305–3312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sinsheimer R. L. Bacteriophage phi-X174 and related viruses. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1968;8:115–169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sumida-Yasumoto C., Yudelevich A., Hurwitz J. DNA synthesis in vitro dependent upon phiX174 replicative form I DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jun;73(6):1887–1891. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.6.1887. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ueda K., McMacken R., Kornberg A. dnaB protein of Escherichia coli. Purification and role in the replication of phiX174 DNA. J Biol Chem. 1978 Jan 10;253(1):261–269. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Vicuna R., Hurwitz J., Wallace S., Girard M. Selective inhibition of in vitro DNA synthesis dependent on phiX174 compared with fd DNA. I. Protein requirements for selective inhibition. J Biol Chem. 1977 Apr 25;252(8):2524–2533. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Weiner J. H., Bertsch L. L., Kornberg A. The deoxyribonucleic acid unwinding protein of Escherichia coli. Properties and functions in replication. J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 25;250(6):1972–1980. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Weiner J. H., McMacken R., Kornberg A. Isolation of an intermediate which precedes dnaG RNA polymerase participation in enzymatic replication of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Mar;73(3):752–756. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.3.752. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Wickner S., Hurwitz J. Conversion of phiX174 viral DNA to double-stranded form by purified Escherichia coli proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):4120–4124. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4120. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wickner W., Brutlag D., Schekman R., Kornberg A. RNA synthesis initiates in vitro conversion of M13 DNA to its replicative form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Apr;69(4):965–969. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.4.965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wickner W., Kornberg A. A novel form of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Nov;71(11):4425–4428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.11.4425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES