. 2012 Sep 1;4(5):578–585. doi: 10.4161/mabs.21328

Table 1. Modifications that form acidic species.

Acidic species	References
Sialic acid	¹⁴^,¹⁷^,²⁰^,²⁵^,²⁶
Deamidation	¹^,²^,¹⁴^,¹⁷^,²⁷^-³⁹
Non-classical disulfide linkage	⁴⁰^,⁴¹
Trisulfide bonds	⁴²
High mannose	²³
Thiosulfide modification	⁴³
Glycation	¹⁴^,⁴⁴^-⁴⁶
Modification by maleuric acid	²¹
Cysteinylation	⁴⁸
Reduced disulfide bonds	¹⁴
Non-reduced species	¹⁴
Fragments	23,25,36