Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the capsid (C) protein was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the C gene. This part of the viral 42S RNA genome was transcribed into double-stranded cDNA. The cDNA was cloned in the Escherichia coli chi 1776-pBR322 host-vector system and then the base sequence was determined with the technique described by Maxam and Gilbert. The amino acid sequence of the C protein shows a clustering of basic amino acids and prolines within the first 110 amino acids.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Acheson N. H., Tamm I. Replication of Semliki Forest virus: an electron microscopic study. Virology. 1967 May;32(1):128–143. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(67)90261-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barnes W. M. Plasmid detection and sizing in single colony lysates. Science. 1977 Jan 28;195(4276):393–394. doi: 10.1126/science.318764. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Becker R., Helenius A., Simons K. Solubilization of the Semliki Forest virus membrane with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Biochemistry. 1975 May 6;14(9):1835–1841. doi: 10.1021/bi00680a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boege U., Wengler G., Wengler G., Wittmann-Liebold B. Partial amino acid sequences of Sindbis and Semliki Forest virus-specific core proteins. Virology. 1980 May;103(1):178–190. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90136-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chow L. T., Roberts J. M., Lewis J. B., Broker T. R. A map of cytoplasmic RNA transcripts from lytic adenovirus type 2, determined by electron microscopy of RNA:DNA hybrids. Cell. 1977 Aug;11(4):819–836. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90294-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clegg J. C. Sequential translation of capsid and membrane protein genes of alphaviruses. Nature. 1975 Apr 3;254(5499):454–455. doi: 10.1038/254454a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colman A., Byers M. J., Primrose S. B., Lyons A. Rapid purification of plasmid DNAs by hydroxyapatite chromatography. Eur J Biochem. 1978 Nov 2;91(1):303–310. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb20966.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dobberstein B., Garoff H., Warren G., Robinson P. J. Cell-free synthesis and membrane insertion of mouse H-2Dd histocompatibility antigen and beta 2-microglobulin. Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):759–769. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90316-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fiers W., Contreras R., Haegemann G., Rogiers R., Van de Voorde A., Van Heuverswyn H., Van Herreweghe J., Volckaert G., Ysebaert M. Complete nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA. Nature. 1978 May 11;273(5658):113–120. doi: 10.1038/273113a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garoff H., Simons K., Dobberstein B. Assembly of the Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in vitro. J Mol Biol. 1978 Oct 5;124(4):587–600. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90173-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garoff H., Simons K. Location of the spike glycoproteins in the Semliki Forest virus membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):3988–3992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.3988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garoff H., Simons K., Renkonen O. Isolation and characterization of the membrane proteins of Semliki Forest virus. Virology. 1974 Oct;61(2):493–504. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90285-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garoff H., Söderlund H. The amphiphilic membrane glycoproteins of Semliki Forest virus are attached to the lipid bilayer by their COOH-terminal ends. J Mol Biol. 1978 Sep 25;124(3):535–549. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90186-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Glanville N., Morser J., Uomala P., Käri5AAINEN L. Simultaneous translation of structural and nonstructural proteins from Semliki-forest-virus RNA in two eukaryotic systems in vitro. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Apr 15;64(1):167–175. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10285.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Glanville N., Ranki M., Morser J., Käriäinen L., Smith A. E. Initiation of translation directed by 42S and 26S RNAs from Semliki Forest virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3059–3063. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3059. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hayward G. S. Gel electrophoretic separation of the complementary strands of bacteriophage DNA. Virology. 1972 Jul;49(1):342–344. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(72)80042-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helenius A., Kartenbeck J., Simons K., Fries E. On the entry of Semliki forest virus into BHK-21 cells. J Cell Biol. 1980 Feb;84(2):404–420. doi: 10.1083/jcb.84.2.404. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kalkkinen N. Carboxyl-terminal sequence analysis of the four structural proteins of Semliki Forest virus. FEBS Lett. 1980 Jun 30;115(2):163–166. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)81158-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaper J. M. Arrangement and identification of simple isometric viruses according to their dominating stabilizing interactions. Virology. 1973 Sep;55(1):299–304. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(73)81035-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kennedy S. I. Sequence relationships between the genome and the intracellular RNA species of standard and defective-interfering Semliki Forest virus. J Mol Biol. 1976 Dec;108(2):491–511. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80132-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Käriäinen L., Simons K., von Bonsdorff C. H. Studies in subviral components of Semliki Forest virus. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. 1969;47(4):235–248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laine R., Söderlund H., Renkonen O. Chemical composition of Semliki forest virus. Intervirology. 1973;1(2):110–118. doi: 10.1159/000148837. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lehrach H., Frischauf A. M., Hanahan D., Wozney J., Fuller F., Boedtker H. Construction and characterization of pro alpha 1 collagen complementary deoxyribonucleic acid clones. Biochemistry. 1979 Jul 10;18(14):3146–3152. doi: 10.2196/47873. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray K. Stepwise removal of histones from native deoxyribonucleoprotein by titration with acid at low temperature and some properties of the resulting partial nucleoproteins. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan 14;39(1):125–144. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90338-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pasek M., Goto T., Gilbert W., Zink B., Schaller H., MacKay P., Leadbetter G., Murray K. Hepatitis B virus genes and their expression in E. coli. Nature. 1979 Dec 6;282(5739):575–579. doi: 10.1038/282575a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Priess H., Koller B., Hess B., Delius H. Electron microscopic mapping and sequence analysis of the terminator for the early message of E. coli phage T7. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Apr;178(1):27–34. doi: 10.1007/BF00267209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Coulson A. R. The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing. FEBS Lett. 1978 Mar 1;87(1):107–110. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80145-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons D. T., Strauss J. H. Replication of Sindbis virus. I. Relative size and genetic content of 26 s and 49 s RNA. J Mol Biol. 1972 Nov 28;71(3):599–613. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simons K., Käriäinen L. Characterization of the Semliki Forest virus core and envelope protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Mar 12;38(5):981–988. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90818-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith H. O., Birnstiel M. L. A simple method for DNA restriction site mapping. Nucleic Acids Res. 1976 Sep;3(9):2387–2398. doi: 10.1093/nar/3.9.2387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Soeda E., Arrand J. R., Griffin B. E. Polyoma virus DNA: complete nucleotide sequence of the gene which codes for polyoma virus capsid protein VP1 and overlaps the VP2/VP3 genes. J Virol. 1980 Feb;33(2):619–630. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.2.619-630.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Soeda E., Kimura G., Miura K. Similarity of nucleotide sequences around the origin of DNA replication in mouse polyoma virus and simian virus 40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):162–166. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.162. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Strickland W. N., Strickland M., Brandt W. F., Von Holt C., Lehmann A., Wittmann-Liebold B. The primary structure of histone H1 from sperm of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus. 2. Sequence of the C-terminal CNBr peptide and the entire primary structure. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Mar;104(2):567–578. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04460.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sutcliffe J. G. Nucleotide sequence of the ampicillin resistance gene of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Aug;75(8):3737–3741. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.3737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sutcliffe J. G. pBR322 restriction map derived from the DNA sequence: accurate DNA size markers up to 4361 nucleotide pairs long. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Aug;5(8):2721–2728. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.8.2721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Söderlund H., Käriänen L., Von Bonsdorff C. H., Weckström P. Properties of Semliki forest virus nucleocapsid. II. An irreversible contraction by acid pH. Virology. 1972 Mar;47(3):753–760. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90565-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Söderlund H., von Bonsdorff C. H., Ulmanen I. Comparison of the structural properties of Sindbis and Semliki forest virus nucleocapsids. J Gen Virol. 1979 Oct;45(1):15–26. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-45-1-15. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tabak H. F., Flavell R. A. A method for the recovery of DNA from agarose gels. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Jul;5(7):2321–2332. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.7.2321. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ulmanen I., Söderlund H., Käriäinen L. Semliki Forest virus capsid protein associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit in infected cells. J Virol. 1976 Oct;20(1):203–210. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.1.203-210.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Villa-Komaroff L., Efstratiadis A., Broome S., Lomedico P., Tizard R., Naber S. P., Chick W. L., Gilbert W. A bacterial clone synthesizing proinsulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Aug;75(8):3727–3731. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.3727. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- White J., Helenius A. pH-dependent fusion between the Semliki Forest virus membrane and liposomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3273–3277. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3273. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ziemiecki A., Garofff H. Subunit composition of the membrane glycoprotein complex of Semliki Forest virus. J Mol Biol. 1978 Jul 5;122(3):259–269. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90189-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- von Bonsdorff C. H., Harrison S. C. Sindbis virus glycoproteins form a regular icosahedral surface lattice. J Virol. 1975 Jul;16(1):141–145. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.1.141-145.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]