Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy logoLink to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
. 1977 Jul;12(1):107–113. doi: 10.1128/aac.12.1.107

In Vitro Evaluation of Three Iodine-Containing Compounds as Antiplaque Agents

J M Tanzer 1, A M Slee 1, B Kamay 1, E R Scheer 1
PMCID: PMC352162  PMID: 883812

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of three iodine-containing compounds was determined for strains of four dental plaque-forming microorganisms, using an in vitro preclinical plaque model system. Solutions of inorganic iodine, povidone-iodine, and Wescodyne were tested for antiplaque activity against preformed plaques of a number of strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii. Solutions of inorganic iodine were more effective as antiplaque agents, with respect to minimal bactericidal concentration and time and frequency of treatments, than solutions of Wescodyne and povidone-iodine. Inorganic iodine appeared to be particularly effective against the most cariogenic (S. mutans) and periodontopathic (A. viscosus) organisms while allowing survival of the least orally pathogenic plaque-forming microorganism (S. sanguis). It is suggested that topical application of solutions of inorganic iodine may be useful in controlling dental caries and actinomyces-associated periodontal disease.

Full text

PDF
107

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blake G. C., Forman G. H. Pre-operative antiseptic preparation of the oral mucous membrane. A bacteriological assessment. Br Dent J. 1967 Sep 19;123(6):295–298. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bowden G. H., Hardie J. M. Commensal and pathogenic Actinomyces species in man. Soc Appl Bacteriol Symp Ser. 1973 Jan;2:277–299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brenman H. S., Randall E. Local degerming with povidone-iodine, II. Prior to gingivectomy. J Periodontol. 1974 Dec;45(12):870–872. doi: 10.1902/jop.1974.45.12.870. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Carlsson J. Presence of various types of non-haemolytic streptococci in dental plaque and in other sites of the oral cavity in man. Odontol Revy. 1967;18(1):55–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Davies R. M., Jensen S. B., Schiott C. R., Löe H. The effect of topical application of chlorhexidine on the bacterial colonization of the teeth and gingiva. J Periodontal Res. 1970;5(2):96–101. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1970.tb00699.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. De Stoppelaar J. D., Van Houte J., Backer Dirks O. The relationship between extracellular polysaccharide-producing streptococci and smooth surface caries in 13-year-old children. Caries Res. 1969;3(2):190–199. doi: 10.1159/000259582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Duany L. F., Fitzgerald R. J., Llorente M., Zinner D. D. Effects of povidone-iodine and isotonic saline on the oral health of children. J Prev Dent. 1975 May-Jun;2(3):22–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Edwardsson S. Characteristics of caries-inducing human streptococci resembling Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 1968 Jun;13(6):637–646. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(68)90142-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. FITZGERALD R. J., JORDAN H. V., STANLEY H. R. Experimental caries and gingival pathologic changes in the gnotobiotic rat. J Dent Res. 1960 Sep-Oct;39:923–935. doi: 10.1177/00220345600390052701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. FITZGERALD R. J., KEYES P. H. Demonstration of the etiologic role of streptococci in experimental caries in the hamster. J Am Dent Assoc. 1960 Jul;61:9–19. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1960.0138. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Garant P. R. An electron microscopic study of the periodontal tissues of germfree rats and rats monoinfected with Actinomyces naeslundii. J Periodontal Res. 1976;(15):3–79. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Garberoglio R., Brännström M. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of human dentinal tubules. Arch Oral Biol. 1976;21(6):355–362. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9969(76)80003-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gibbons R. J., Berman K. S., Knoettner P., Kapsimalis B. Dental caries and alveolar bone loss in gnotobiotic rats infected with capsule forming streptococci of human origin. Arch Oral Biol. 1966 Jun;11(6):549–560. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(66)90220-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gibbons R. J., Depaola P. F., Spinell D. M., Skobe Z. Interdental localization of Streptococcus mutans as related to dental caries experience. Infect Immun. 1974 Mar;9(3):481–488. doi: 10.1128/iai.9.3.481-488.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Guggenheim B., König K. G., Mühlemann H. R. Modifications of the oral bacterial flora and their influence on dental caries in the rat. I. The effects of inoculating 4 labelled strains of streptococci. Helv Odontol Acta. 1965 Oct;9(2):121–129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Guggenheim B. Streptococci of dental plaques. Caries Res. 1968;2(2):147–163. doi: 10.1159/000259553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hageage G. J., Johanssen I., Tanzer J. M. In vitro plaque formation by several oral diphtheroids implicated in periodontal disease. Infect Immun. 1970 Nov;2(5):683–685. doi: 10.1128/iai.2.5.683-685.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Howell A., Jr, Jordan H. V., Georg L. K., Pine L. Odontomyces viscosus, gen. nov., spec. nov., a filamentous microorganism isolated from periodontal plaque in hamsters. Sabouraudia. 1965 Jun;4(2):65–68. doi: 10.1080/00362176685190181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. JORDAN H. V., FITZGERALD R. J., BOWLER A. E. Inhibition of experimental caries by sodium metabisulfite and its effect on the growth and metabolism of selected bacteria. J Dent Res. 1960 Jan-Feb;39:116–123. doi: 10.1177/00220345600390010501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. JORDAN H. V., KEYES P. H. AEROBIC, GRAM-POSITIVE, FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA AS ETIOLOGIC AGENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN HAMSTERS. Arch Oral Biol. 1964 Jul-Aug;9:401–414. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(64)90025-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Jordan H. V., Keyes P. H., Bellack S. Periodontal lesions in hamsters and gnotobiotic rats infected with actinomyces of human origin. J Periodontal Res. 1972;7(1):21–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00627.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. KEYES P. H., JORDAN H. V. PERIODONTAL LESIONS IN THE SYRIAN HAMSTER. III. FINDINGS RELATED TO AN INFECTIOUS AND TRANSMISSIBLE COMPONENT. Arch Oral Biol. 1964 Jul-Aug;9:377–400. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(64)90024-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kligerman B. A., Bissada N. F. Clinical study of iodine as a chemotherapeutic agent for the control of dental plaque and gingivitis in man. J Periodontol. 1975 Aug;46(8):478–487. doi: 10.1902/jop.1975.46.8.478. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Krasse B., Carlsson J. Various types of streptococci and experimental caries in hamsters. Arch Oral Biol. 1970 Jan;15(1):25–32. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(70)90142-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Krasse B. Human streptococci and experimental caries in hamsters. Arch Oral Biol. 1966 Apr;11(4):429–436. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(66)90107-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Löe H., Schiott C. R. The effect of mouthrinses and topical application of chlorhexidine on the development of dental plaque and gingivitis in man. J Periodontal Res. 1970;5(2):79–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1970.tb00696.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. McCabe R. M., Keyes P. H., Howell A., Jr An in vitro method for assessing the plaque forming ability of oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 1967 Dec;12(12):1653–1656. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(67)90200-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Parsons J. C. Chemotherapy of dental plaque--a review. J Periodontol. 1974 Mar;45(3):177–186. doi: 10.1902/jop.1974.45.3.177. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Perch B., Kjems E., Ravn T. Biochemical and serological properties of Streptococcus mutans from various human and animal sources. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol. 1974 Jun;82(3):357–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02338.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Randall E., Brenman H. S. Local degerming with povidone-iodine, I. Prior to dental prophylaxis. J Periodontol. 1974 Dec;45(12):866–869. doi: 10.1902/jop.1974.45.12.866. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. SHELANSKI H. A., SHELANSKI M. V. PVP-iodine: history, toxicity and therapeutic uses. J Int Coll Surg. 1956 Jun;25(6):727–734. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. SIGGIA S. The chemistry of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc. 1957 Mar;46(3):201–204. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Scopp I. W., Orvieto L. D. Gingival degerming by povidone-iodine irrigation: bacteremia reduction in extraction procedures. J Am Dent Assoc. 1971 Dec;83(6):1294–1296. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1971.0463. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Socransky S. S., Hubersak C., Propas D. Induction of periodontal destruction in gnotobiotic rats by a human oral strain of Actinomyces naeslundii. Arch Oral Biol. 1970 Oct;15(10):993–995. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(70)90095-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Suomi J. D., Greene J. C., Vermillion J. R., Doyle J., Chang J. J., Leatherwood E. C. The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periddontal disease in adults: results after third and final year. J Periodontol. 1971 Mar;42(3):152–160. doi: 10.1902/jop.1971.42.3.152. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tanzer J. M., Freedman M. L., Fitzgerald R. J., Larson R. H. Diminished virulence of glucan synthesis-defective mutants of Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun. 1974 Jul;10(1):197–203. doi: 10.1128/iai.10.1.197-203.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Tanzer J. M., McCabe R. M. Selection of plaque-forming streptococci by the serial passage of wires through sucrose-containing broth. Arch Oral Biol. 1968 Jan;13(1):139–143. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(68)90045-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Tanzer J. M., Reid Y., Reid W. Method for preclinical evaluation of antiplaque agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 May;1(5):376–380. doi: 10.1128/aac.1.5.376. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Van Houte J., Gibbons R. J., Pulkkinen A. J. Adherence as an ecological determinant for streptococci in the human mouth. Arch Oral Biol. 1971 Oct;16(10):1131–1141. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(71)90042-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wright G. Z., Banting D. W., Feasby W. H. Dorchester dental flossing study. Preliminary report. Caries Res. 1976;10(5):379–385. doi: 10.1159/000260219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. ZINNER D. D., JABLON J. M., ARAN A. P., SASLAW M. S. EXPERIMENTAL CARIES INDUCED IN ANIMALS BY STREPTOCOCCI OF HUMAN ORIGIN. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1965 Mar;118:766–770. doi: 10.3181/00379727-118-29964. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES