Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and ABPM according to the aortic valve calcification score
| Characteristics | Overall population N=737 | Calcification Score (≤3) N=660 | Calcification Score (≥4) N=77 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 71±9 | 70±9 | 78±8 | <0.0001 |
| Male,% | 40% | 38% | 55% | 0.01 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.02 | |||
| White,% | 13% | 12% | 14% | |
| Black, % | 17% | 15% | 27% | |
| Hispanic,% | 71% | 72% | 58% | |
| Cigarette smoking (ever), % | 54% | 54% | 55% | 0.90 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 30% | 29% | 31% | 0.79 |
| Hypertension, % | 78% | 77% | 88% | 0.03 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 68% | 67% | 75% | 0.20 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 0.9±0.3 | 0.9±0.3 | 1.1±0.5 | 0.002 |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 | 103±25 | 102±25 | 110±30 | 0.03 |
| Left atrial dimension, mm | 39±5 | 39±5 | 42±5 | <0.001 |
| Aortic insufficiency (any degree), % | 32% | 29% | 55% | <0.001 |
| Moderate or severe aortic insufficiency, % | 2% | 2% | 3% | 0.65 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 63±8 | 63±8 | 62±8 | 0.22 |
| Anti-hypertensive medication use, % | 72% | 71% | 79% | 0.14 |
| ACEI/ARB | 18% | 15% | 22% | 0.38 |
| βblocker | 12% | 13% | 5% | 0.06 |
| Ca blocker | 20% | 19% | 27% | 0.18 |
| Diuretic | 14% | 13% | 21% | 0.13 |
| Other medication | 11% | 12% | 6% | 0.21 |
| Anti-hypercholesterolemic medication use, % | 57% | 55% | 72% | 0.01 |
| Aspirin use, % | 69% | 68% | 78% | 0.06 |
| 24 hr mean HR, bpm | 71.8±9.1 | 71.8±9.1 | 72.0±9.0 | 0.80 |
| Mean awake HR, bpm | 75.1±10.1 | 75.1±10.2 | 75.0±9.3 | 0.94 |
| Mean asleep HR, bpm | 65.9±8.9 | 65.8±8.9 | 66.8±9.2 | 0.39 |
| Office SBP, mmHg | 135.6±17.5 | 135.2±17.4 | 139.2±18.1 | 0.06 |
| Office DBP, mmHg | 78.6±9.4 | 78.5±9.2 | 79.3±11.0 | 0.47 |
| 24 hr mean SBP, mmHg | 124.7±14.4 | 124.1±14.4 | 130.5±12.8 | 0.002 |
| 24 hr mean DBP, mmHg | 71.5±8.5 | 71.3±8.5 | 72.9±8.7 | 0.12 |
| SBP nocturnal decline, % | 7.4±7.3 | 7.5±7.4 | 5.9±6.4 | 0.07 |
| DBP nocturnal decline, % | 10.6±8.3 | 10.9±8.3 | 8.3±8.1 | 0.01 |
| Mean awake SBP, mmHg | 128.3±14.7 | 127.7±14.7 | 133.5±13.5 | <0.001 |
| Mean awake DBP, mmHg | 74.3±9.0 | 74.1±9.0 | 75.4±9.1 | 0.23 |
| Mean asleep SBP, mmHg | 118.7±16.3 | 117.9±16.3 | 125.5±14.8 | <0.001 |
| Mean asleep DBP, mmHg | 66.3±9.4 | 66.0±9.3 | 68.9±10.2 | 0.01 |
| SBP awake variability, mmHg | 12.5±3.4 | 12.4±3.3 | 13.4±3.9 | 0.02 |
| DBP awake variability, mmHg | 9.0±2.3 | 9.0±2.3 | 9.0±2.5 | 0.84 |
| SBP asleep variability, mmHg | 10.9±3.4 | 10.8±3.4 | 11.6±3.5 | 0.05 |
| DBP asleep variability, mmHg | 8.0±2.5 | 8.0±2.5 | 8.2±2.7 | 0.58 |
| Normal BP dipping*, % | 37% | 38% | 25% | 0.03 |
*
= more than 10% decline in SBP from awake to asleep mean values