TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the Study Participants and Their Neighborhood (n = 195)
| LAPN | HAPN | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s demographics | |||
| Boy (%) | 59/95 (62.1) | 53/100 (53.0) | .20 |
| African-American race (%)a | 43/95 (45.3) | 55/100 (55.0) | .17 |
| Asian race (%)a | 16/95 (16.8) | 2/100 (2.0) | <.001 |
| White race (%)a | 17/95 (17.9) | 7/100 (7.0) | .021 |
| Other/mixed race (%)a | 15/95 (15.8) | 34/100 (34.0) | .003 |
| Hispanic ethnicity (%)b | 24/95 (25.3) | 45/100 (45.0) | .004 |
| Mother’s age (mean years) | 38.4 | 35.3 | <.001 |
| Maternal asthma (%) | 21/95 (22.1) | 27/100 (27.0) | .43 |
| Material hardship reported (%)c | 26/94 (27.4) | 29/100 (29.0) | .80 |
| Mother has college degree (%) | 37/94 (39.4) | 31/98 (31.6) | .26 |
| Household income (median)d | $50–60K | $40–45K | .077 |
| Smoker in the home (%) | 14/94 (14.9) | 26/99 (26.3) | .051 |
| Cockroach sightings not rare (%) | 19/95 (20.0) | 34/100 (34.0) | .028 |
| Mouse sightings not rare (%) | 6/95 (6.3) | 15/100 (15.0) | .051 |
| Clinical features | |||
| Frequent wheeze past 12 mo (%) | 18/95 (18.9) | 22/100 (22.0) | .60 |
| Controller medication past 12 mo (%) | 19/94 (20.2) | 31/100 (31.0) | .086 |
| Bronchodilator past 12 mo (%) | 52/94 (55.3) | 51/100 (51.0) | .55 |
| Seroatopy (%)e | 58/95 (61.1) | 61/100 (61.0) | .99 |
| Total IgE (IU/mL, GM [95% CI]) | 111 [85.2–146] | 98.9 [70.2–139] | .59 |
| FeNO (ppb, GM [95% CI])f | 10.4 [8.9–12.1] | 10.5 [9.0–12.4] | .92 |
| FEV1/FVC (median [25% to 75%])g | 0.88 | 0.87 | .60 |
| Waist circumference (cm, mean [95% CI])h | 63.1 [61–65] | 61.9 [60–63] | .32 |
| Neighborhood demographicsi | |||
| African-Americans, median, % | 28.8 | 45.9 | .040 |
| Hispanic, median, % | 14.1 | 42.8 | <.001 |
| Households below federal poverty income, median, % | 17.3 | 37.2 | <.001 |
| Median household income (median $ in 1000) | 40.4 | 21.3 | <.001 |
| Adult population with high school degree, median, % | 18.2 | 10.1 | <.001 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; GM, geometric mean.
Race was not reported for 4 (4.2%) and 2 (2.0%) of the children in the LAPN and HAPN, respectively.
Whether the child was of Hispanic ethnicity was not reported for 1 (1.1%) and 5 (5.0%) of the children in the LAPN and HAPN, respectively.
Mother reported that in the past 6 mo she and her family could not afford needed food, rent, clothing or medical care, or that gas/electricity was suspended because of bill nonpayment.30
There were 5 families in each group that did not report household income.
Seroatopy defined as serum IgE > 0.35 kIU to at least 1 of the tested allergens.
Missing data for FeNO on 17 (18%) and 15 (15%) children because of high ambient NO in the home at the time of testing.
Missing data for FEV1/FVC on 18 (19%) and 11 (11%) of children.
Missing data for waist circumference on 15 (16%) and 10 (10%).
Neighborhood variables are defined for each of the study participant based on 2000 US Census data for the households in the 500 m surrounding the participant’s home.