Figure 6. Schematic of the role of different effector protein functions and targets in S. enterica. Salmonella enterica encodes two T3SSs, each within a Salmonella pathogenicity island, SPI-1 and SPI-2. Similar to EHEC effector proteins, a number of effectors are required for intimate binding to the host cell surface, which leads to the uptake into a Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV). Within the SCV, the T3SSs translocates a range of effector proteins into the cytosol that allow for intracellular survival. The S. enterica effector proteins target the tight junctions, mitochondria and lysosomes, as well as several cell signaling pathways. Prophage-encoded effectors are shown in red. See text for details.