Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1977 Jan;21(1):153–160. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.1.153-160.1977

Rate of divergence of cellular sequences homologous to segments of Moloney sarcoma virus.

A E Frankel, P J Fischinger
PMCID: PMC353801  PMID: 189062

Abstract

The RNA genome of the Moloney isolate of murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) consists of two parts--a sarcoma-specific region with no homology to known leukemia viral RNAs, and a shared region present also in Moloney murine leukemia virus RNA. Complementary DNA was isolated which was specific for each part of the M-MSV genome. The DNA of a number of mammalian species was examined for the presence of nucleotide sequences homologous with the two M-MSV regions. Both sets of viral sequences had homologous nucleotide sequences present in normal mouse cellular DNA. MSV-specific sequences found in mouse cellular DNA closely matched those nucleotide sequences found in M-MSV as seen by comparisons of thermal denaturation profiles. In all normal mouse cells tested, the cellular set of M-MSV-specific nucleotide sequences was present in DNA as one to a few copies per cell. The rate of base substitution of M-MSV nucleotide sequences was compared with the rate of evolution of both unique sequences and the hemoglobin gene of various species. Conservation of MSV-specific nucleotide sequences among species was similar to that of mouse globin gene(s) and greater than that of average unique cellular sequences. In contrast, cellular nucleotide sequences that are homologous to the M-MSV-murine leukemia virus "common" nucleotide region were present in multiple copies in mouse cells and were less well matched, as seen by reduced melting profiles of the hybrids. The cellular common nucleotide sequences diverged very rapidly during evolution, with a base substitution rate similar to that reported for some primate and avian endogenous virogenes. The observation that two sets of covalently linked viral sequences evolved at very different rates suggests that the origin of M-MSV may be different from endogenous helper viruses and that cellular sequences homologous to MSV-specific nucleotide sequences may be important to survival.

Full text

PDF
153

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bassin R. H., Tuttle N., Fischinger P. J. Isolation of murine sarcoma virus-transformed mouse cells which are negative for leukemia virus from agar suspension cultures. Int J Cancer. 1970 Jul 15;6(1):95–107. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910060114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benveniste R. E., Todaro G. J. Evolution of C-type viral genes: inheritance of exogenously acquired viral genes. Nature. 1974 Dec 6;252(5483):456–459. doi: 10.1038/252456a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benveniste R. E., Todaro G. J. Evolution of type C viral genes: I. Nucleic acid from baboon type C virus as a measure of divergence among primate species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Nov;71(11):4513–4518. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.11.4513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Britten R. J., Kohne D. E. Repeated sequences in DNA. Hundreds of thousands of copies of DNA sequences have been incorporated into the genomes of higher organisms. Science. 1968 Aug 9;161(3841):529–540. doi: 10.1126/science.161.3841.529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R., Teich N. M., Levine A. S., Rowe W. P. Qualitative and quantitative studies of AKR-type murine leukemia virus sequences in mouse DNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):1085–1101. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.124. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DOOLITTLE R. F., BLOMBAECK B. AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE INVESTIGATIONS OF FIBRINOPEPTIDES FROM VARIOUS MAMMALS: EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS. Nature. 1964 Apr 11;202:147–152. doi: 10.1038/202147a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fanshier L., Garapin A. C., McDonnell J., Faras A., Levinson W., Bishop J. M. Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase associated with avian tumor viruses: secondary structure of the deoxyribonucleic acid product. J Virol. 1971 Jan;7(1):77–86. doi: 10.1128/jvi.7.1.77-86.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fischinger P. J., Haapala D. K. Oncoduction. A unifying hypothesis of viral carcinogenesis. Prog Exp Tumor Res. 1974;19:1–22. doi: 10.1159/000395844. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fischinger P. J., Moore C. O., O'Connor T. E. Isolation and identification of a helper virus found in the Moloney sarcoma-leukemia virus complex. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1969 Apr;42(4):605–622. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Frankel A. E., Fischinger P. J. Nucleotide sequences in mouse DNA and RNA specific for Moloney sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3705–3709. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3705. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Frankel A. E., Neubauer R. L., Fischinger P. J. Fractionation of DNA nucleotide transcripts from Moloney sarcoma virus and isolation of sarcoma virus-specific complementary DNA. J Virol. 1976 May;18(2):481–490. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.2.481-490.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Frankel A. S., Haapala D. K., Neubauer R. L., Fischinger P. J. Elimination of the sarcoma genome from murine sarcoma virus transformed cat cells. Science. 1976 Mar 26;191(4233):1264–1266. doi: 10.1126/science.1257745. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Huebner R. J., Todaro G. J. Oncogenes of RNA tumor viruses as determinants of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Nov;64(3):1087–1094. doi: 10.1073/pnas.64.3.1087. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kang C. Y., Temin H. M. Reticuloendotheliosis virus nucleic acid sequences in cellular DNA. J Virol. 1974 Nov;14(5):1179–1188. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.5.1179-1188.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Laird C. D., McConaughy B. L., McCarthy B. J. Rate of fixation of nucleotide substitutions in evolution. Nature. 1969 Oct 11;224(5215):149–154. doi: 10.1038/224149a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Neiman P. E. Measurement of endogenous leukosis virus nucleotide sequences in the DNA of normal avian embryos by RNA-DNA hybridization. Virology. 1973 May;53(1):196–203. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90478-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Neiman P. E., Wright S. E., McMillin C., MacDonnell D. Nucleotide sequence relationships of avian RNA tumor viruses: measurement of the deletion in a transformation-defective mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1974 Apr;13(4):837–846. doi: 10.1128/jvi.13.4.837-846.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Oskarsson M. K., Robey W. G., Harris C. L., Fischinger P. J., Haapala D. K., Vande Woude G. F. A p60 polypeptide in the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus with murine leukemia virus p30 antigenic determinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2380–2384. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2380. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Pinder J. C., Gould H. J., Smith I. Conservation of the structure of ribosomal RNA during evolution. J Mol Biol. 1969 Mar 14;40(2):289–298. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90476-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. SIMPSON G. G. The nature and origin of supraspecific taxa. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1959;24:255–271. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1959.024.01.025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Scolnic E. M., Goldberg R. J., Parks W. P. A biochemical and genetic analysis of mammalian RNA-containing sarcoma viruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):885–895. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Scolnick E. M., Goldberg R. J., Williams D. Characterizatiion of rat genetic sequences of Kirsten sarcoma virus: distinct class of endogenous rat type C viral sequences. J Virol. 1976 May;18(2):559–566. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.2.559-566.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Shoyab M., Baluda M. A. Homology between avian oncornavirus RNAs and DNA from several avian species. J Virol. 1975 Dec;16(6):1492–1502. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.6.1492-1502.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stehelin D., Guntaka R. V., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Purification of DNA complementary to nucleotide sequences required for neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts by avian sarcoma viruses. J Mol Biol. 1976 Mar 5;101(3):349–365. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90152-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Stehelin D., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Vogt P. K. DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature. 1976 Mar 11;260(5547):170–173. doi: 10.1038/260170a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Temin H. M. On the origin of the genes for neoplasia: G.H.A. Clowes memorial lecture. Cancer Res. 1974 Nov;34(11):2835–2841. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Varmus H. E., Heasley S., Bishop J. M. Use of DNA-DNA annealing to detect new virus-specific DNA sequences in chicken embryo fibroblasts after infection by avian sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1974 Oct;14(4):895–903. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.4.895-903.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES