Table 3.
Stratified analyses of relative risk of coronary heart disease and stroke
| No of reports* | Relative risk (95% CI) | P for heterogeneity | I2 | P for test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronary heart disease | |||||
| Total cases | 9 | 0.99 (0.85 to 1.15) | 0.97 | 0.0 | 0.88 |
| Fatal cases | 4 | 1.18 (0.71 to 1.96) | 0.91 | 0.0 | 0.53 |
| Coronary heart disease with diabetes† | 5 | 1.54 (1.14 to 2.09) | 0.59 | 0.0 | 0.01 |
| Subgroup analyses for total coronary heart disease | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 4 | 1.06 (0.89 to 1.25) | 0.83 | 0.0 | 0.53 |
| Female | 3 | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.20) | 0.99 | 0.0 | 0.95 |
| Study location | |||||
| USA | 6 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.96 | 0.0 | 0.89 |
| Asia | 3 | 0.95 (0.64 to 1.41) | 0.76 | 0.0 | 0.79 |
| No of participants | |||||
| >10 000 | 4 | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.15) | 0.87 | 0.0 | 0.70 |
| ≤10 000 | 5 | 1.14 (0.83 to 1.56) | 0.93 | 0.0 | 0.42 |
| No of cases | |||||
| >500 | 4 | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.13) | 0.79 | 0.0 | 0.94 |
| ≤500 | 5 | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.37) | 0.93 | 0.0 | 0.83 |
| Duration of follow-up | |||||
| >15 years | 2 | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.16) | 0.40 | 0.0 | 0.83 |
| ≤15 years | 7 | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.19) | 0.98 | 0.0 | 0.85 |
| Repeated egg consumption measurements | |||||
| Yes | 4 | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.15) | 0.87 | 0.0 | 0.70 |
| No | 5 | 1.14 (0.83 to 1.56) | 0.93 | 0.0 | 0.42 |
| Study quality | |||||
| Score ≥8 | 5 | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.17) | 0.93 | 0.0 | 0.74 |
| Score <8 | 4 | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.28) | 0.81 | 0.0 | 0.55 |
| Controlling for other diet variables in models‡ | |||||
| Yes | 6 | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15) | 0.97 | 0.0 | 0.73 |
| No | 5 | 1.14 (0.84 to 1.55) | 0.92 | 0.0 | 0.40 |
| Controlling for serum cholesterol levels or use of cholesterol lowering drugs in models | |||||
| Yes | 5 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.26) | 0.65 | 0.0 | 0.83 |
| No | 4 | 1.01 (0.86 to 1.18) | 0.97 | 0.0 | 0.94 |
| Stroke | |||||
| Total stroke | 8 | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.02) | 0.46 | 0.0 | 0.10 |
| Fatal stroke | 4 | 0.94 (0.81 to 1.10) | 0.47 | 0.0 | 0.46 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke† | 3 | 0.75 (0.57 to 0.99) | 0.21 | 36.8 | 0.04 |
| Ischemic stroke† | 4 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.01) | 0.79 | 0.0 | 0.08 |
| Stroke with diabetes† | 3 | 0.80 (0.29 to 2.15) | 0.09 | 58.9 | 0.65 |
| Subgroup analyses for total stroke | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 4 | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.03) | <0.001 | 90.5 | 0.13 |
| Female | 4 | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.07) | 0.24 | 29.0 | 0.25 |
| Study location | |||||
| USA | 5 | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.03) | 0.38 | 4.9 | 0.13 |
| Asia | 3 | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.07) | 0.28 | 20.6 | 0.34 |
| No of participants | |||||
| >10 000 | 4 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02) | 0.25 | 26.9 | 0.10 |
| ≤10 000 | 4 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.27) | 0.50 | 0.0 | 0.85 |
| No of cases | |||||
| >500 | 5 | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.02) | 0.38 | 5.0 | 0.09 |
| ≤500 | 3 | 1.00 (0.63 to 1.59) | 0.35 | 4.2 | 0.99 |
| Duration of follow-up | |||||
| >15 years | 5 | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.02) | 0.38 | 5.0 | 0.09 |
| ≤15 years | 3 | 1.00 (0.63 to 1.59) | 0.35 | 4.2 | 0.99 |
| Repeated egg consumption measurements | |||||
| Yes | 3 | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04) | 0.13 | 51.5 | 0.14 |
| No | 5 | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.08) | 0.64 | 0.0 | 0.38 |
| Study quality | |||||
| Score ≥7.5 | 5 | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.20) | 0.51 | 0.0 | 0.71 |
| Score <7.5 | 3 | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.01) | 0.82 | 0.0 | 0.07 |
| Controlling for other diet variables in models‡ | |||||
| Yes | 4 | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.04) | 0.25 | 26.6 | 0.14 |
| No | 5 | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.08) | 0.62 | 0.0 | 0.43 |
| Controlling for serum cholesterol levels or use of cholesterol lowering drugs in models | |||||
| Yes | 4 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.18) | 0.34 | 10.0 | 0.60 |
| No | 4 | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.01) | 0.94 | 0.0 | 0.07 |
*Five articles reported their results by sex group; therefore, there were nine reports from six articles for coronary heart disease and eight reports from six articles for stroke.
†Owing to a lack of data for person years, results are relative risks (95% confidence intervals) comparing highest with lowest egg consumption.
‡Study by Scrafford and colleagues reported results both controlling for diet variables and not.