Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1978 May;26(2):389–410. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.2.389-410.1978

Anatomy of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA. X. Mapping of viral genes by analysis of polypeptides and functions specified by HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinants.

L S Morse, L Pereira, B Roizman, P A Schaffer
PMCID: PMC354077  PMID: 207894

Abstract

In an earlier paper (Morse et al., J. Virol 24:231--248, 1977) we reported on the provenance of the DNA sequences in 26 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) X HSV-2 recombinants as determined from analyses of their DNAs with at least five restriction endonucleases. This report deals with the polypeptides specified by the recombinants and by their HSV-1 and HSV-2 parents. We have identified (i) the corresponding HSV-1 and HSV-2 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 20,000 to more than 200,000, (ii) the polypeptides that undergo rapid post-translational processing, and (iii) polypeptides that vary intratypically in apparent molecular weight. By comparing the segregation patterns of the polypeptides with those of the DNA sequence of the recombinants, we have mapped the templates specifying 26 polypeptides and several viral functions on the physical map of HSV DNA. The data show the following: (i) alpha polypeptides map at the termini of the L and S components of the HSV DNA. Although alpha ICP 27 maps entirely within the reiterated region of the L component, the template for alpha ICP 4 may lie only in part within the reiterated sequences of the S component. Of note is the finding that cells infected with a recombinant that contains both HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA sequences in the S component produced alpha ICP 4 of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. (ii) Templates specifying beta and gamma polypeptides map in the L component and appear to be randomly distributed. (iii) Thymidine kinase and resistance to phosphonoacetic acid mapped in the L component. In addition, we have taken advantage of the rapid inhibition of host protein synthesis characteristic of HSV-2 infections and syncytial plaque morphology to also map the template(s) responsible for these functions in the L component. The implications of the template arrangement in HSV DNA are discussed.

Full text

PDF
389

Images in this article

392Image
on p.392
394Image
on p.394
395Image
on p.395
396Image
on p.396
397Image
on p.397
398Image
on p.398
399Image
on p.399
400Image
on p.400
401Image
on p.401
402Image
on p.402

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Cassai E. N., Sarmiento M., Spear P. G. Comparison of the virion proteins specified by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. J Virol. 1975 Nov;16(5):1327–1331. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.5.1327-1331.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cassai E., Manservigi R., Corallini A., Terni M. Plaque dissociation of herpes simplex viruses: biochemical and biological characters of the viral variants. Intervirology. 1975;6(4-5):212–223. doi: 10.1159/000149476. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Courtney R. J., Schaffer P. A., Powell K. L. Synthesis of virus-specific polypaptides by temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology. 1976 Dec;75(2):306–318. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90030-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Frenkel N., Jacob R. J., Honess R. W., Hayward G. S., Locker H., Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. III. Characterization of defective DNA molecules and biological properties of virus populations containing them. J Virol. 1975 Jul;16(1):153–167. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.1.153-167.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Frenkeĺ N., Locker H., Batterson W., Hayward G. S., Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. VI. Defective DNA originates from the S component. J Virol. 1976 Nov;20(2):527–531. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.2.527-531.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gentry G. A., Aswell J. F. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by araT. Virology. 1975 May;65(1):294–296. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90034-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gibson W., Roizman B. Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. 8. Characterization and composition of multiple capsid forms of subtypes 1 and 2. J Virol. 1972 Nov;10(5):1044–1052. doi: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.1044-1052.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Grodzicker T., Williams J., Sharp P., Sambrook J. Physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutations of adenoviruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 1):439–446. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hayward G. S., Jacob R. J., Wadsworth S. C., Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA: evidence for four populations of molecules that differ in the relative orientations of their long and short components. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4243–4247. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4243. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Heine J. W., Honess R. W., Cassai E., Roizman B. Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. XII. The virion polypeptides of type 1 strains. J Virol. 1974 Sep;14(3):640–651. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.3.640-651.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hilliker S., Botstein D. Specificity of genetic elements controlling regulation of early functions in temperate bacteriophages. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):537–566. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90251-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Honess R. W., Roizman B. Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. XI. Identification and relative molar rates of synthesis of structural and nonstructural herpes virus polypeptides in the infected cell. J Virol. 1973 Dec;12(6):1347–1365. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.6.1347-1365.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Honess R. W., Roizman B. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. I. Cascade regulation of the synthesis of three groups of viral proteins. J Virol. 1974 Jul;14(1):8–19. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.1.8-19.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Jacquemont B., Roizman B. RNA synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. X. Properties of viral symmetric transcripts and of double-stranded RNA prepared from them. J Virol. 1975 Apr;15(4):707–713. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.4.707-713.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Jacquemont B., Roizman B. Ribonucleic acid synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus: characterization of viral high molecular weight nuclear RNA. J Gen Virol. 1975 Nov;29(2):155–165. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-29-2-155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jones P. C., Hayward G. S., Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA VII. alpha-RNA is homologous to noncontiguous sites in both the L and S components of viral DNA. J Virol. 1977 Jan;21(1):268–276. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.1.268-276.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kozak M., Roizman B. RNA synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. IX. Evidence for accumulation of abundant symmetric transcripts in nuclei. J Virol. 1975 Jan;15(1):36–40. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.1.36-40.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mautner V., Williams J., Sambrook J., Sharp P. A., Grodzicker T. The location of the genes coding for hexon and fiber proteins in adenovirus DNA. Cell. 1975 May;5(1):93–99. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90097-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Morse L. S., Buchman T. G., Roizman B., Schaffer P. A. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. IX. Apparent exclusion of some parental DNA arrangements in the generation of intertypic (HSV-1 X HSV-2) recombinants. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):231–248. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.231-248.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Morse L. S., Buchman T. G., Roizman B., Schaffer P. A. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. IX. Apparent exclusion of some parental DNA arrangements in the generation of intertypic (HSV-1 X HSV-2) recombinants. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):231–248. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.231-248.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Overby L. R., Robishaw E. E., Schleicher J. B., Rueter A., Shipkowitz N. L., Mao J. C. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by phosphonoacetic acid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974 Sep;6(3):360–365. doi: 10.1128/aac.6.3.360. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Pereira L., Cassai E., Honess R. W., Roizman B., Terni M., Nahmias A. Variability in the structural polypeptides of herpes simplex virus 1 strains: potential application in molecular epidemiology. Infect Immun. 1976 Jan;13(1):211–220. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.1.211-220.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pereira L., Wolff M. H., Fenwick M., Roizman B. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. V. Properties of alpha polypeptides made in HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected cells. Virology. 1977 Apr;77(2):733–749. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90495-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Roizman B., Kozak M., Honess R. W., Hayward G. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis: evidence for multilevel regulation of herpes simplex 1 RNA and protein synthesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):687–701. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.083. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Subak-Sharpe J. H., Brown S. M., Ritchie D. A., Timbury M. C., Macnab J. C., Marsden H. S., Hay J. Genetic and biochemical studies with herpesvirus. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):717–730. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.085. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wadsworth S., Jacob R. J., Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. II. Size, composition, and arrangement of inverted terminal repetitions. J Virol. 1975 Jun;15(6):1487–1497. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.6.1487-1497.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wigler M., Silverstein S., Lee L. S., Pellicer A., Cheng Y. c., Axel R. Transfer of purified herpes virus thymidine kinase gene to cultured mouse cells. Cell. 1977 May;11(1):223–232. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90333-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES