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. 2010 Aug 13;16(1):19–29. doi: 10.1007/s12298-010-0003-0

Evidence for a role of exogenous glycinebetaine and proline in antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems in mung bean seedlings under salt stress

Mohammad Anwar Hossain 1, Masayuki Fujita 1,✉
PMCID: PMC3550627  PMID: 23572951

Abstract

In mung bean seedlings, salt stress (300 mM NaCl) caused a significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) content within 24 h of treatment as compared to control whereas a slight increase was observed after 48 h of treatment. Highest oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content was observed after 48 h to treatment with a concomitant decrease in glutathione redox state. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glyoxalase II enzyme activities were significantly elevated up to 48 h, whereas glutathione reductase and glyoxalase I activities were increased only up to 24 h and then gradually decreased. Application of 15 mM proline or 15 mM glycinebetaine resulted in an increase in GSH content, maintenance of a high glutathione redox state and higher activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes involved in the ROS and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system for up to 48 h, compared to those of the control and mostly also salt stressed plants, with a simultaneous decrease in GSSG content, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation level. The present study suggests that both proline and glycinebetaine provide a protective action against saltinduced oxidative damage by reducing H2O2 and lipid peroxidation level and by enhancing antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems.

Keywords: Antioxidant defense, glutathione, glyoxalase system, glycinebetaine, proline, salt stress

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Abbreviations

CDNB-1

Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

DTNB

5,5[-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)

EDTA

ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

Gly I

glyoxalase I

Gly II

Glyoxalase II

GR

glutathione reductase

GSH

reduced glutathione

GSSG

oxidized glutathione

GPX

glutathione peroxidase

GST

glutathione S-transferase

MDA

malondialdehyde

MG

methylglyoxal

NTB

2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid

ROS

Reactive oxygen species; SLG

S-D

lactoylglutathione

TBA

thiobarbituric acid

TCA

trichloroactic acid

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