Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Clinical Microbiology Reviews logoLink to Clinical Microbiology Reviews
. 1991 Apr;4(2):169–183. doi: 10.1128/cmr.4.2.169

Epidemiology of human listeriosis.

A Schuchat 1, B Swaminathan 1, C V Broome 1
PMCID: PMC358189  PMID: 1906370

Abstract

During the 1980s, investigation of several large epidemics of listeriosis confirmed that transmission of L. monocytogenes in food causes human disease. Progress in laboratory detection and subtyping of the organism has enhanced our ability to compare human and environmental isolates of L. monocytogenes. Transmission by foodborne organisms is now recognized as causing both epidemic and sporadic listeriosis. Continued study of dietary risk factors associated with listeriosis is needed in order to develop dietary recommendations for the expanding population at increased risk of disease. Current research application of new molecular methods to the study of L. monocytogenes may improve the ability to diagnose pregnancy-associated disease and permit the rapid detection and control of L. monocytogenes in the food supply.

Full text

PDF
169

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ansbacher R., Borchardt K. A., Hannegan M. W., Boyson W. A. Clinical investigation of Listeria monocytogenes as a possible cause of human fetal wastage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966 Feb 1;94(3):386–390. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(66)90660-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Audurier A., Chatelain R., Chalons F., Piéchaud M. Lysotypie de 823 souches de listeria monocytogenes isolées en France de 1958 à 1978. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1979 Aug-Sep;130B(2):179–189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BEARNS R. E., GIRARD K. F. The effect of pasteurization on Listeria monocytogenes. Can J Microbiol. 1958 Feb;4(1):55–61. doi: 10.1139/m58-007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bassan R. Bacterial endocarditis produced by Listeria monocytogenes. Case presentation and review of literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 1975 Apr;63(4):522–527. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/63.4.522. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Berche P., Gaillard J. L., Richard S. Invasiveness and intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Infection. 1988;16 (Suppl 2):S145–S148. doi: 10.1007/BF01639738. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bibb W. F., Schwartz B., Gellin B. G., Plikaytis B. D., Weaver R. E. Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and application of the method to epidemiologic investigations. Int J Food Microbiol. 1989 Jun;8(3):233–239. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(89)90018-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bortolussi R., Issekutz A., Faulkner G. Opsonization of Listeria monocytogenes type 4b by human adult and newborn sera. Infect Immun. 1986 May;52(2):493–498. doi: 10.1128/iai.52.2.493-498.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Boucher M., Yonekura M. L. Listeria meningitis during pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 1984 Jul;1(4):312–318. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1000029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Breckenridge R. L., Jr, Buck L., Tooley E., Douglas G. W. Listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1980 Jan;73(1):140–141. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/73.1.140. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Buchdahl R., Hird M., Gamsu H., Tapp A., Gibb D., Tzannatos C. Listeriosis revisited: the role of the obstetrician. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990 Feb;97(2):186–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb01747.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Butman B. T., Plank M. C., Durham R. J., Mattingly J. A. Monoclonal antibodies which identify a genus-specific Listeria antigen. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1564–1569. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.6.1564-1569.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cain D. B., McCann V. L. An unusual case of cutaneous listeriosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 May;23(5):976–977. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.5.976-977.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Campbell A. N., Sill P. R., Wardle J. K. Listeria meningitis acquired by cross infection in a delivery suite. Lancet. 1981 Oct 3;2(8249):752–753. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91080-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Chenevert J., Mengaud J., Gormley E., Cossart P. A DNA probe specific for L. monocytogenes in the genus Listeria. Int J Food Microbiol. 1989 Jul;8(4):317–319. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(89)90002-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ciesielski C. A., Hightower A. W., Parsons S. K., Broome C. V. Listeriosis in the United States: 1980-1982. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Jun;148(6):1416–1419. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Crawford R. G., Beliveau C. M., Peeler J. T., Donnelly C. W., Bunning V. K. Comparative recovery of uninjured and heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes cells from bovine milk. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jun;55(6):1490–1494. doi: 10.1128/aem.55.6.1490-1494.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Datta A. R., Wentz B. A., Hill W. E. Detection of hemolytic Listeria monocytogenes by using DNA colony hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Sep;53(9):2256–2259. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.9.2256-2259.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Datta A. R., Wentz B. A., Shook D., Trucksess M. W. Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Dec;54(12):2933–2937. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.12.2933-2937.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Dee R. R., Lorber B. Brain abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes: case report and literature review. Rev Infect Dis. 1986 Nov-Dec;8(6):968–977. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.6.968. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Dominguez Rodriguez L., Suárez Fernández G., Fernández Garayzabal J. F., Rodriguez Ferri E. New methodology for the isolation of Listeria microorganisms from heavily contaminated environments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 May;47(5):1188–1190. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.5.1188-1190.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Donnelly C. W., Baigent G. J. Method for flow cytometric detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):689–695. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.4.689-695.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Farber J. M., Sanders G. W., Speirs J. I. Methodology for isolation of Listeria from foods--a Canadian perspective. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 May-Jun;71(3):675–678. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Filice G. A., Cantrell H. F., Smith A. B., Hayes P. S., Feeley J. C., Fraser D. W. Listeria monocytogenes infection in neonates: Investigation of an epidemic. J Infect Dis. 1978 Jul;138(1):17–23. doi: 10.1093/infdis/138.1.17. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Flamm R. K., Hinrichs D. J., Thomashow M. F. Cloning of a gene encoding a major secreted polypeptide of Listeria monocytogenes and its potential use as a species-specific probe. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2251–2256. doi: 10.1128/aem.55.9.2251-2256.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Fleming D. W., Cochi S. L., MacDonald K. L., Brondum J., Hayes P. S., Plikaytis B. D., Holmes M. B., Audurier A., Broome C. V., Reingold A. L. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N Engl J Med. 1985 Feb 14;312(7):404–407. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198502143120704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Florman A. L., Sundararajan V. Listeriosis among nursey mates. Pediatrics. 1968 Apr;41(4):784–788. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Gaillard J. L., Berche P., Mounier J., Richard S., Sansonetti P. In vitro model of penetration and intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the human enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2. Infect Immun. 1987 Nov;55(11):2822–2829. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.11.2822-2829.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Gaillard J. L., Berche P., Sansonetti P. Transposon mutagenesis as a tool to study the role of hemolysin in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun. 1986 Apr;52(1):50–55. doi: 10.1128/iai.52.1.50-55.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Gallagher P. G., Amedia C. A., Watanakunakorn C. Listeria monocytogenes endocarditis in a patient on chronic hemodialysis, successfully treated with vancomycin-gentamicin. Infection. 1986 May-Jun;14(3):125–128. doi: 10.1007/BF01643476. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Gellin B. G., Broome C. V. Listeriosis. JAMA. 1989 Mar 3;261(9):1313–1320. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Gilbert R. J., Miller K. L., Roberts D. Listeria monocytogenes and chilled foods. Lancet. 1989 Feb 18;1(8634):383–384. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91755-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Golden D. A., Beuchat L. R., Brackett R. E. Evaluation of selective direct plating media for their suitability to recover uninjured, heat-injured, and freeze-injured Listeria monocytogenes from foods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1451–1456. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.6.1451-1456.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gray M. L., Killinger A. H. Listeria monocytogenes and listeric infections. Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Jun;30(2):309–382. doi: 10.1128/br.30.2.309-382.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Gray M. L., Stafseth H. J., Thorp F., Sholl L. B., Riley W. F. A New Technique for Isolating Listerellae from the Bovine Brain. J Bacteriol. 1948 Apr;55(4):471–476. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Grimont F., Grimont P. A. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene restriction patterns as potential taxonomic tools. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol. 1986 Sep-Oct;137B(2):165–175. doi: 10.1016/s0769-2609(86)80105-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Günther G., Philipson A. Oral trimethoprim as follow-up treatment of meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jan-Feb;10(1):53–55. doi: 10.1093/clinids/10.1.53. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Harvey R. L., Chandrasekar P. H. Chronic meningitis caused by Listeria in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 1988 May;157(5):1091–1092. doi: 10.1093/infdis/157.5.1091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Hayes P. S., Feeley J. C., Graves L. M., Ajello G. W., Fleming D. W. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw milk. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Feb;51(2):438–440. doi: 10.1128/aem.51.2.438-440.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Ho J. L., Shands K. N., Friedland G., Eckind P., Fraser D. W. An outbreak of type 4b Listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch Intern Med. 1986 Mar;146(3):520–524. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Houang E. T., Williams C. J., Wrigley P. F. Acute Listeria monocytogenes osteomyelitis. Infection. 1976;4(2):113–114. doi: 10.1007/BF01638728. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Hudak A. P., Lee S. H., Issekutz A. C., Bortolussi R. Comparison of three serological methods--enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation, and microagglutination--in the diagnosis of human perinatal Listeria monocytogenes infection. Clin Invest Med. 1984;7(4):349–354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Hume O. S. Maternal Listeria monocytogenes septicemia with sparing of the fetus. Obstet Gynecol. 1976 Jul;48(1 Suppl):33S–34S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Jacobs J. L., Murray H. W. Why is Listeria monocytogenes not a pathogen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? Arch Intern Med. 1986 Jul;146(7):1299–1300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Kales C. P., Holzman R. S. Listeriosis in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and response to therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(2):139–143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Kampelmacher E. H., Huysinga W. T., van Noorle Jansen L. M. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in feces of pregnant women and neonates. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1972 Nov;222(2):258–262. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Kampelmacher E. H., van Noorle Jansen L. M. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from faeces of clinically healthy humans and animals. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig. 1969;211(3):353–359. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Kathariou S., Metz P., Hof H., Goebel W. Tn916-induced mutations in the hemolysin determinant affecting virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. J Bacteriol. 1987 Mar;169(3):1291–1297. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.3.1291-1297.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Kathariou S., Rocourt J., Hof H., Goebel W. Levels of Listeria monocytogenes hemolysin are not directly proportional to virulence in experimental infections of mice. Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):534–536. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.2.534-536.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Kempton G. Listeria monocytogenes: a protocol for rapid identification. Med J Aust. 1989 May 15;150(10):607–607. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136712.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Kerr K., Dealler S. F., Lacey R. W. Listeria in cook-chill food. Lancet. 1988 Jul 2;2(8601):37–38. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92960-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Kim C. M., Graves L. M., Swaminathan B., Mayer L. W., Weaver R. E. Evaluation of hybridization characteristics of a cloned pRF106 probe for Listeria monocytogenes detection and development of a nonisotopic colony hybridization assay. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Jan;57(1):289–294. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.1.289-294.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. King W., Raposa S., Warshaw J., Johnson A., Halbert D., Klinger J. D. A new colorimetric nucleic acid hybridization assay for Listeria in foods. Int J Food Microbiol. 1989 Jun;8(3):225–232. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(89)90017-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Klinger J. D. Isolation of Listeria: a review of procedures and future prospects. Infection. 1988;16 (Suppl 2):S98–105. doi: 10.1007/BF01639730. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Klinger J. D., Johnson A., Croan D., Flynn P., Whippie K., Kimball M., Lawrie J., Curiale M. Comparative studies of nucleic acid hybridization assay for Listeria in foods. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 May-Jun;71(3):669–673. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Knabel S. J., Walker H. W., Hartman P. A., Mendonca A. F. Effects of growth temperature and strictly anaerobic recovery on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes during pasteurization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Feb;56(2):370–376. doi: 10.1128/aem.56.2.370-376.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Lammerding A. M., Doyle M. P. Evaluation of enrichment procedures for recovering Listeria monocytogenes from dairy products. Int J Food Microbiol. 1989 Nov;9(3):249–268. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(89)90094-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Lamont R. J., Postlethwaite R. Carriage of Listeria monocytogenes and related species in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Aberdeen, Scotland. J Infect. 1986 Sep;13(2):187–193. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(86)93121-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Larsson S., Cederberg A., Ivarsson S., Svanberg L., Cronberg S. Listeria monocytogenes causing hospital-acquired enterocolitis and meningitis in newborn infants. Br Med J. 1978 Aug 12;2(6135):473–474. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6135.473. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Lavetter A., Leedom J. M., Mathies A. W., Jr, Ivler D., Wehrle P. F. Meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. A review of 25 cases. N Engl J Med. 1971 Sep 9;285(11):598–603. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197109092851103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Lee W. H., McClain D. Improved Listeria monocytogenes selective agar. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Nov;52(5):1215–1217. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.5.1215-1217.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Lindsay R. E., Krissinger W. A., Fields B. F. Microwave vs. conventional oven cooking of chicken: relationship of internal temperature to surface contamination by Salmonella typhimurium. J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Mar;86(3):373–374. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Linnan M. J., Mascola L., Lou X. D., Goulet V., May S., Salminen C., Hird D. W., Yonekura M. L., Hayes P., Weaver R. Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexican-style cheese. N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 29;319(13):823–828. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198809293191303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Louria D. B., Hensle T., Armstrong D., Collins H. S., Blevins A., Krugman D., Buse M. Listeriosis complicating malignant disease. A new association. Ann Intern Med. 1967 Aug;67(2):260–281. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-67-2-261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Lovett J. Isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 May-Jun;71(3):658–660. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Lubani M. M., Sharda D. C., Al-Shab T., Sethi S. Neonatal listeriosis: a report of seven cases. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1987 Mar;7(1):42–46. doi: 10.1080/02724936.1987.11748472. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Lund B. M., Knox M. R., Cole M. B. Destruction of Listeria monocytogenes during microwave cooking. Lancet. 1989 Jan 28;1(8631):218–218. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91230-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. MACKANESS G. B. Cellular resistance to infection. J Exp Med. 1962 Sep 1;116:381–406. doi: 10.1084/jem.116.3.381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. MILLER J. K., HEDBERG M. EFFECTS OF CORTISONE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965 Mar;43:248–250. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/43.3.248. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. MacDonald T. T., Carter P. B. Cell-mediated immunity to intestinal infection. Infect Immun. 1980 May;28(2):516–523. doi: 10.1128/iai.28.2.516-523.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. MacGowan A. P., Marshall R. J., Reeves D. S. Evaluation of API 20 STREP system for identifying Listeria species. J Clin Pathol. 1989 May;42(5):548–550. doi: 10.1136/jcp.42.5.548. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Mackaness G. B., Hill W. C. The effect of anti-lymphocyte globulin on cell-mediated reistance to infection. J Exp Med. 1969 May 1;129(5):993–1012. doi: 10.1084/jem.129.5.993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Mackaness G. B. The influence of immunologically committed lymphoid cells on macrophage activity in vivo. J Exp Med. 1969 May 1;129(5):973–992. doi: 10.1084/jem.129.5.973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Mascola L., Lieb L., Chiu J., Fannin S. L., Linnan M. J. Listeriosis: an uncommon opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A report of five cases and a review of the literature. Am J Med. 1988 Jan;84(1):162–164. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90027-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Mattingly J. A., Butman B. T., Plank M. C., Durham R. J., Robison B. J. Rapid monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Listeria in food products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 May-Jun;71(3):679–681. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. McClain D., Lee W. H. Development of USDA-FSIS method for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw meat and poultry. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 May-Jun;71(3):660–664. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. McLauchlin J., Audurier A., Taylor A. G. The evaluation of a phage-typing system for Listeria monocytogenes for use in epidemiological studies. J Med Microbiol. 1986 Dec;22(4):357–365. doi: 10.1099/00222615-22-4-357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. McLauchlin J., Black A., Green H. T., Nash J. Q., Taylor A. G. Monoclonal antibodies show Listeria monocytogenes in necropsy tissue samples. J Clin Pathol. 1988 Sep;41(9):983–988. doi: 10.1136/jcp.41.9.983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. McLauchlin J. Human listeriosis in Britain, 1967-85, a summary of 722 cases. 1. Listeriosis during pregnancy and in the newborn. Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Apr;104(2):181–189. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800059343. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. McLauchlin J. Human listeriosis in Britain, 1967-85, a summary of 722 cases. 2. Listeriosis in non-pregnant individuals, a changing pattern of infection and seasonal incidence. Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Apr;104(2):191–201. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800059355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. McLauchlin J., Samuel D., Taylor A. G. The use of monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate Listeria monocytogenes in post mortem tissue using a direct immunofluorescence technique, and to detect a soluble antigen in CSF supernatants using an ELISA. Acta Microbiol Hung. 1989;36(2-3):303–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Mengaud J., Vicente M. F., Chenevert J., Pereira J. M., Geoffroy C., Gicquel-Sanzey B., Baquero F., Perez-Diaz J. C., Cossart P. Expression in Escherichia coli and sequence analysis of the listeriolysin O determinant of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun. 1988 Apr;56(4):766–772. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.4.766-772.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Mielke M., Ehlers S., Hahn H. The role of T cell subpopulations in cell mediated immunity to facultative intracellular bacteria. Infection. 1988;16 (Suppl 2):S123–S127. doi: 10.1007/BF01639734. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Moore R. M., Zehmer R. B. Listeriosis in the United States--1971. J Infect Dis. 1973 May;127(5):610–611. doi: 10.1093/infdis/127.5.610. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Morrison R. E., Brown J., Gooding R. S. Spinal cord abscess caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Arch Neurol. 1980 Apr;37(4):243–244. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1980.00500530081015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Nelson K. E., Warren D., Tomasi A. M., Raju T. N., Vidyasagar D. Transmission of neonatal listeriosis in a delivery room. Am J Dis Child. 1985 Sep;139(9):903–905. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140110057029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Nieman R. E., Lorber B. Listeriosis in adults: a changing pattern. Report of eight cases and review of the literature, 1968-1978. Rev Infect Dis. 1980 Mar-Apr;2(2):207–227. doi: 10.1093/clinids/2.2.207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Notermans S., Chakraborty T., Leimeister-Wächter M., Dufrenne J., Heuvelman K. J., Maas H., Jansen W., Wernars K., Guinee P. Specific gene probe for detection of biotyped and serotyped Listeria strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Apr;55(4):902–906. doi: 10.1128/aem.55.4.902-906.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. OWEN C. R., MEIS A., JACKSON J. W., STOENNER H. G. A case of primary cutaneous listeriosis. N Engl J Med. 1960 May 19;262:1026–1028. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196005192622007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Petit J. C., Richard G., Burghoffer B., Daguet G. L. Suppression of cellular immunity to Listeria monocytogenes by activated macrophages: mediation by prostaglandins. Infect Immun. 1985 Aug;49(2):383–388. doi: 10.1128/iai.49.2.383-388.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Piffaretti J. C., Kressebuch H., Aeschbacher M., Bille J., Bannerman E., Musser J. M., Selander R. K., Rocourt J. Genetic characterization of clones of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes causing epidemic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3818–3822. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.10.3818. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Pini P. N., Gilbert R. J. A comparison of two procedures for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw chickens and soft cheese. Int J Food Microbiol. 1988 Dec 31;7(4):331–337. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(88)90059-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Pérez-Díaz J. C., Vicente M. F., Baquero F. Plasmids in Listeria. Plasmid. 1982 Sep;8(2):112–118. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(82)90049-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. RABAU E., DAVID A. Listeria monocytogenes in abortion. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp. 1963 Jun;70:481–482. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1963.tb04935.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. RAPPAPORT F., RABINOVITZ M., TOAFF R., KROCHIK N. Genital listeriosis as a cause of repeated abortion. Lancet. 1960 Jun 11;1(7137):1273–1275. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)92253-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Read E. J., Orenstein J. M., Chorba T. L., Schwartz A. M., Simon G. L., Lewis J. H., Schulof R. S. Listeria monocytogenes sepsis and small cell carcinoma of the rectum: an unusual presentation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985 Mar;83(3):385–389. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/83.3.385. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Real F. X., Gold J. W., Krown S. E., Armstrong D. Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Dec;101(6):883–883. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-883. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Redline R. W., Lu C. Y. Role of local immunosuppression in murine fetoplacental listeriosis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Apr;79(4):1234–1241. doi: 10.1172/JCI112942. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. STANLEY N. F. Studies on Listeria monocytogenes; III. the failure to isolate the organism from the human throat. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1950 Jan;28(1):117–119. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Saunders N. A., Ridley A. M., Taylor A. G. Typing of Listeria monocytogenes for epidemiological studies using DNA probes. Acta Microbiol Hung. 1989;36(2-3):205–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Schaffner A., Rellstab P. Gamma-interferon restores listericidal activity and concurrently enhances release of reactive oxygen metabolites in dexamethasone-treated human monocytes. J Clin Invest. 1988 Sep;82(3):913–919. doi: 10.1172/JCI113698. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Scheer M. S., Hirschman S. Z. Oral and ambulatory therapy of Listeria bacteremia and meningitis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Mt Sinai J Med. 1982 Sep-Oct;49(5):411–414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. Schlech W. F., 3rd, Lavigne P. M., Bortolussi R. A., Allen A. C., Haldane E. V., Wort A. J., Hightower A. W., Johnson S. E., King S. H., Nicholls E. S. Epidemic listeriosis--evidence for transmission by food. N Engl J Med. 1983 Jan 27;308(4):203–206. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198301273080407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Schwartz B., Ciesielski C. A., Broome C. V., Gaventa S., Brown G. R., Gellin B. G., Hightower A. W., Mascola L. Association of sporadic listeriosis with consumption of uncooked hot dogs and undercooked chicken. Lancet. 1988 Oct 1;2(8614):779–782. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92425-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Schwartz B., Hexter D., Broome C. V., Hightower A. W., Hirschhorn R. B., Porter J. D., Hayes P. S., Bibb W. F., Lorber B., Faris D. G. Investigation of an outbreak of listeriosis: new hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic Listeria monocytogenes infections. J Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;159(4):680–685. doi: 10.1093/infdis/159.4.680. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Selander R. K., Caugant D. A., Ochman H., Musser J. M., Gilmour M. N., Whittam T. S. Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):873–884. doi: 10.1128/aem.51.5.873-884.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Simmons M. D., Cockcroft P. M., Okubadejo O. A. Neonatal listeriosis due to cross-infection in an obstetric theatre. J Infect. 1986 Nov;13(3):235–239. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(86)91124-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Spitzer P. G., Hammer S. M., Karchmer A. W. Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: case report and review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis. 1986 May-Jun;8(3):427–430. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.3.427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Sword C. P. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in Listeria monocytogenes infection. I. Influence of iron. J Bacteriol. 1966 Sep;92(3):536–542. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.3.536-542.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Tipple M. A., Bland L. A., Murphy J. J., Arduino M. J., Panlilio A. L., Farmer J. J., 3rd, Tourault M. A., Macpherson C. R., Menitove J. E., Grindon A. J. Sepsis associated with transfusion of red cells contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica. Transfusion. 1990 Mar-Apr;30(3):207–213. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30390194338.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Trautmann M., Wagner J., Chahin M., Weinke T. Listeria meningitis: report of ten recent cases and review of current therapeutic recommendations. J Infect. 1985 Mar;10(2):107–114. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(85)91501-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Tripp C. S., Needleman P., Unanue E. R. Indomethacin in vivo increases the sensitivity to Listeria infection in mice. A possible role for macrophage thromboxane A2 synthesis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Feb;79(2):399–403. doi: 10.1172/JCI112825. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Vogt R. L., Donnelly C., Gellin B., Bibb W., Swaminathan B. Linking environmental and human strains of Listeria monocytogenes with isoenzyme and ribosomal RNA typing. Eur J Epidemiol. 1990 Jun;6(2):229–230. doi: 10.1007/BF00145800. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. WELSHIMER H. J. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in soil. J Bacteriol. 1960 Sep;80:316–320. doi: 10.1128/jb.80.3.316-320.1960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Watkins J., Sleath K. P. Isolation and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes from Sewage, Sewage Sludge and River Water. J Appl Bacteriol. 1981 Feb;50(1):1–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1981.tb00865.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Weinberg E. D. Pregnancy-associated depression of cell-mediated immunity. Rev Infect Dis. 1984 Nov-Dec;6(6):814–831. doi: 10.1093/clinids/6.6.814. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Welshimer H. J. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from vegetation. J Bacteriol. 1968 Feb;95(2):300–303. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.2.300-303.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Wiggins G. L., Albritton W. L., Feeley J. C. Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 May;13(5):854–860. doi: 10.1128/aac.13.5.854. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Winslow D. L., Damme J., Dieckman E. Delayed bactericidal activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against Listeria monocytogenes: antagonism of chloramphenicol and rifampin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Apr;23(4):555–558. doi: 10.1128/aac.23.4.555. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Winslow D. L., Pankey G. A. In vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against Listeria monocytogenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Jul;22(1):51–54. doi: 10.1128/aac.22.1.51. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. van Netten P., Perales I., van de Moosdijk A., Curtis G. D., Mossel D. A. Liquid and solid selective differential media for the detection and enumeration of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. Int J Food Microbiol. 1989 Jul;8(4):299–316. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(89)90001-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical Microbiology Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES