Skip to main content
PMC home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1991 Jan;11(1):564–567. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.564

Proline-independent binding of PUT3 transcriptional activator protein detected by footprinting in vivo.

J D Axelrod 1, J Majors 1, M C Brandriss 1
PMCID: PMC359669  PMID: 1986247

Abstract

The PUT3 gene product is a transcriptional activator required for expression of the enzymes of the proline utilization pathway. Using two methods of footprinting in vivo, we have determined that PUT3 protein is poised at the promoters of the genes encoding these enzymes and that proline-mediated induction modulates the activity of constitutively bound PUT3.

Full text

PDF
564

Images in this article

565Image
on p.565
566Image
on p.566

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Axelrod J. D., Majors J. An improved method for photofootprinting yeast genes in vivo using Taq polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jan 11;17(1):171–183. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.1.171. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Becker M. M., Wang J. C. Use of light for footprinting DNA in vivo. Nature. 1984 Jun 21;309(5970):682–687. doi: 10.1038/309682a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bram R. J., Kornberg R. D. Specific protein binding to far upstream activating sequences in polymerase II promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(1):43–47. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.1.43. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brandriss M. C. Evidence for positive regulation of the proline utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1987 Nov;117(3):429–435. doi: 10.1093/genetics/117.3.429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brandriss M. C., Magasanik B. Genetics and physiology of proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: enzyme induction by proline. J Bacteriol. 1979 Nov;140(2):498–503. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.2.498-503.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brandriss M. C. Proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the cloned PUT2 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Oct;3(10):1846–1856. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.10.1846. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cherry J. R., Johnson T. R., Dollard C., Shuster J. R., Denis C. L. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates and inactivates the yeast transcriptional activator ADR1. Cell. 1989 Feb 10;56(3):409–419. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90244-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Denis C. L., Gallo C. Constitutive RNA synthesis for the yeast activator ADR1 and identification of the ADR1-5c mutation: implications in posttranslational control of ADR1. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):4026–4030. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.4026. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fürst P., Hu S., Hackett R., Hamer D. Copper activates metallothionein gene transcription by altering the conformation of a specific DNA binding protein. Cell. 1988 Nov 18;55(4):705–717. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90229-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Giniger E., Varnum S. M., Ptashne M. Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast. Cell. 1985 Apr;40(4):767–774. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hinnebusch A. G. Evidence for translational regulation of the activator of general amino acid control in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6442–6446. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6442. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Johnson P. F., McKnight S. L. Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:799–839. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.58.070189.004055. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnston M. A model fungal gene regulatory mechanism: the GAL genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Rev. 1987 Dec;51(4):458–476. doi: 10.1128/mr.51.4.458-476.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Johnston M., Dover J. Mutations that inactivate a yeast transcriptional regulatory protein cluster in an evolutionarily conserved DNA binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2401–2405. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnston S. A., Hopper J. E. Isolation of the yeast regulatory gene GAL4 and analysis of its dosage effects on the galactose/melibiose regulon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(22):6971–6975. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pan T., Coleman J. E. GAL4 transcription factor is not a "zinc finger" but forms a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(6):2077–2081. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.6.2077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pfeifer K., Arcangioli B., Guarente L. Yeast HAP1 activator competes with the factor RC2 for binding to the upstream activation site UAS1 of the CYC1 gene. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90750-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ptashne M. Gene regulation by proteins acting nearby and at a distance. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):697–701. doi: 10.1038/322697a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ptashne M. How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature. 1988 Oct 20;335(6192):683–689. doi: 10.1038/335683a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Selleck S. B., Majors J. E. In vivo DNA-binding properties of a yeast transcription activator protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3260–3267. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.9.3260. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Selleck S. B., Majors J. Photofootprinting in vivo detects transcription-dependent changes in yeast TATA boxes. Nature. 1987 Jan 8;325(7000):173–177. doi: 10.1038/325173a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Siddiqui A. H., Brandriss M. C. A regulatory region responsible for proline-specific induction of the yeast PUT2 gene is adjacent to its TATA box. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4634–4641. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.11.4634. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Siddiqui A. H., Brandriss M. C. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PUT3 activator protein associates with proline-specific upstream activation sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;9(11):4706–4712. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.11.4706. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sorger P. K., Pelham H. R. Yeast heat shock factor is an essential DNA-binding protein that exhibits temperature-dependent phosphorylation. Cell. 1988 Sep 9;54(6):855–864. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)91219-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Szczypka M. S., Thiele D. J. A cysteine-rich nuclear protein activates yeast metallothionein gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;9(2):421–429. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.2.421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Taylor W. E., Young E. T. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of yeast transcription factor ADR1 does not affect DNA binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(11):4098–4102. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.11.4098. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wang S. S., Brandriss M. C. Proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the cloned PUT1 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;6(7):2638–2645. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.7.2638. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Wang S. S., Brandriss M. C. Proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: sequence, regulation, and mitochondrial localization of the PUT1 gene product. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Dec;7(12):4431–4440. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.12.4431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES