Table 3.

Patient Characteristics and Outcomes by Group

	Philadelphia VA Medical Center			Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
	Mean (95% CI)			Mean (95% CI)
	Control	Intervention	P Value	Control	Intervention	P Value
No. of patients	1035	1051		280	291
No. of total admissions	1198	1221		349	364
Age	66.3 (65.6 to 67.0)	66.3 (65.6 to 67.1)	.90	56.0 (54.5 to 57.5)	56.1 (54.7 to 57.6)	.89
Men, No. (%)	1145 (95.6)	1169 (95.7)	.84	189 (54.2)	199 (54.7)	.89
Comorbidities	2.74 (2.66 to 2.83)	2.80 (2.72 to 2.89)	.31	2.63 (2.47 to 2.79)	2.56 (2.40 to 2.72)	.52
Length of stay, d
Study floors	4.7 (4.5 to 4.9)	4.5 (4.3 to 4.7)	.32	6.6 (6.1 to 7.2)	6.5 (6.0 to 7.1)	.81
Hospital, total	6.7 (6.3 to 7.2)	6.3 (5.9 to 6.7)	.19	12.0 (8.5 to 15.5)	10.7 (8.9 to 12.6)	.53
Transfers/readmissions
Transferred to MICU, % (95% CI)	5.5 (4.2 to 6.8)	5.0 (3.7 to 6.2)	.57	4.0 (2.0 to 6.1)	4.9 (2.7 to 7.2)	.55
30 d readmission rate, % (95% CI)	9.4 (7.8 to 11.1)	10.6 (8.8 to 12.3)	.35	22.1 (17.7 to 26.4)	26.9 (22.4 to 31.5)	.13
Days to readmission	12.9 (11.3 to 14.4)	12.4 (10.9 to 13.9)	.67	18.6 (17.0 to 20.2)	19.7 (18.5 to 20.9)	.28
Deaths
Died on floors of study, No. (%)	5 (0.4)	5 (0.4)	.98	2 (0.6)	3 (0.8)	>.99
Time to death, d	12.2 (4.3 to 20.1)	23.4 (−0.9 to 47.7)	.26	22.0 (−54.2 to 98.2)	19.7 (−54.2 to 93.5)	.92
Died in MICU, No. (%)	11 (0.9)	9 (0.7)	.62	6 (1.7)	6 (1.6)	.94
Time to death, d	16.5 (5.5 to 27.4)	15.2 (4.5 to 25.9)	.86	15.5 (−3.7 to 34.7)	19.8 (0.7 to 39.0)	.69
Total in-hospital death rate, % (95% CI)	1.3 (0.7 to 2.0)	1.2 (0.6 to 1.9)	.82	2.6 (0.9 to 4.2)	2.7 (1.1 to 4.4)	.89
Time to death, d	15.1 (7.7 to 22.5)	17.7 (9.2 to 26.3)	.62	15.7 (3.7 to 27.7)	18.3 (3.9 to 32.7)	.76

Abbreviation: MICU, medical intensive care unit.