Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1992 Dec;12(12):5571–5580. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.12.5571

The fission yeast genes pyp1+ and pyp2+ encode protein tyrosine phosphatases that negatively regulate mitosis.

S Ottilie 1, J Chernoff 1, G Hannig 1, C S Hoffman 1, R L Erikson 1
PMCID: PMC360496  PMID: 1448087

Abstract

We have used degenerate oligonucleotide probes based on sequences conserved among known protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) to identify two Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes encoding PTPases. We previously described the cloning of pyp1+ (S. Ottilie, J. Chernoff, G. Hannig, C. S. Hoffman, and R. L. Erikson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3455-3459, 1991), and here we describe a second gene, called pyp2+. The C terminus of each protein contains sequences conserved in the apparent catalytic domains of all known PTPases. Disruption of pyp2+ results in viable cells, as was the case for pyp1+, whereas disruption of pyp2+ and pyp1+ results in synthetic lethality. Overexpression of either pyp1+ or pyp2+ in wild-type strains leads to a delay in mitosis but is suppressed by a wee1-50 mutation at 35 degrees C or a cdc2-1w mutation. A pyp1 disruption suppresses the temperature-sensitive lethality of a cdc25-22 mutation. Our data suggest that pyp1+ and pyp2+ act as negative regulators of mitosis upstream of the wee1+/mik1+ pathway.

Full text

PDF
5571

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bach M. L. Cloning and expression of the OMP decarboxylase gene URA4 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr Genet. 1987;12(7):527–534. doi: 10.1007/BF00419562. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brown-Shimer S., Johnson K. A., Lawrence J. B., Johnson C., Bruskin A., Green N. R., Hill D. E. Molecular cloning and chromosome mapping of the human gene encoding protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 1B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(13):5148–5152. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.13.5148. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carlson M., Botstein D. Two differentially regulated mRNAs with different 5' ends encode secreted with intracellular forms of yeast invertase. Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):145–154. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90384-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Charbonneau H., Tonks N. K., Kumar S., Diltz C. D., Harrylock M., Cool D. E., Krebs E. G., Fischer E. H., Walsh K. A. Human placenta protein-tyrosine-phosphatase: amino acid sequence and relationship to a family of receptor-like proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5252–5256. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5252. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chernoff J., Schievella A. R., Jost C. A., Erikson R. L., Neel B. G. Cloning of a cDNA for a major human protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(7):2735–2739. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2735. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cigan A. M., Donahue T. F. Sequence and structural features associated with translational initiator regions in yeast--a review. Gene. 1987;59(1):1–18. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90261-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cool D. E., Tonks N. K., Charbonneau H., Walsh K. A., Fischer E. H., Krebs E. G. cDNA isolated from a human T-cell library encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5257–5261. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dunphy W. G., Kumagai A. The cdc25 protein contains an intrinsic phosphatase activity. Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):189–196. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90582-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Edgar B. A., O'Farrell P. H. The three postblastoderm cell cycles of Drosophila embryogenesis are regulated in G2 by string. Cell. 1990 Aug 10;62(3):469–480. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90012-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fan J. B., Chikashige Y., Smith C. L., Niwa O., Yanagida M., Cantor C. R. Construction of a Not I restriction map of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 11;17(7):2801–2818. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.7.2801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fantes P. Epistatic gene interactions in the control of division in fission yeast. Nature. 1979 May 31;279(5712):428–430. doi: 10.1038/279428a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Feilotter H., Nurse P., Young P. G. Genetic and molecular analysis of cdr1/nim1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics. 1991 Feb;127(2):309–318. doi: 10.1093/genetics/127.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Galaktionov K., Beach D. Specific activation of cdc25 tyrosine phosphatases by B-type cyclins: evidence for multiple roles of mitotic cyclins. Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1181–1194. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90294-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gautier J., Solomon M. J., Booher R. N., Bazan J. F., Kirschner M. W. cdc25 is a specific tyrosine phosphatase that directly activates p34cdc2. Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):197–211. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90583-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gould K. L., Moreno S., Tonks N. K., Nurse P. Complementation of the mitotic activator, p80cdc25, by a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase. Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1573–1576. doi: 10.1126/science.1703321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gould K. L., Nurse P. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the fission yeast cdc2+ protein kinase regulates entry into mitosis. Nature. 1989 Nov 2;342(6245):39–45. doi: 10.1038/342039a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Grimm C., Kohli J., Murray J., Maundrell K. Genetic engineering of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a system for gene disruption and replacement using the ura4 gene as a selectable marker. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Dec;215(1):81–86. doi: 10.1007/BF00331307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Guan K. L., Deschenes R. J., Qiu H., Dixon J. E. Cloning and expression of a yeast protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 15;266(20):12964–12970. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Guan K. L., Dixon J. E. Protein tyrosine phosphatase activity of an essential virulence determinant in Yersinia. Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):553–556. doi: 10.1126/science.2166336. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene. 1984 Jun;28(3):351–359. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90153-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hindley J., Phear G. A. Sequence of the cell division gene CDC2 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe; patterns of splicing and homology to protein kinases. Gene. 1984 Nov;31(1-3):129–134. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90203-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hoffman C. S., Winston F. A ten-minute DNA preparation from yeast efficiently releases autonomous plasmids for transformation of Escherichia coli. Gene. 1987;57(2-3):267–272. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90131-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hunter T., Cooper J. A. Protein-tyrosine kinases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:897–930. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kinoshita N., Ohkura H., Yanagida M. Distinct, essential roles of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases in the control of the fission yeast cell division cycle. Cell. 1990 Oct 19;63(2):405–415. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90173-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kumagai A., Dunphy W. G. The cdc25 protein controls tyrosine dephosphorylation of the cdc2 protein in a cell-free system. Cell. 1991 Mar 8;64(5):903–914. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90315-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lundgren K., Walworth N., Booher R., Dembski M., Kirschner M., Beach D. mik1 and wee1 cooperate in the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2. Cell. 1991 Mar 22;64(6):1111–1122. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90266-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Maundrell K. nmt1 of fission yeast. A highly transcribed gene completely repressed by thiamine. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):10857–10864. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Millar J. B., McGowan C. H., Lenaers G., Jones R., Russell P. p80cdc25 mitotic inducer is the tyrosine phosphatase that activates p34cdc2 kinase in fission yeast. EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(13):4301–4309. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb05008.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Moreno S., Hayles J., Nurse P. Regulation of p34cdc2 protein kinase during mitosis. Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):361–372. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90850-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Moreno S., Nurse P. Clues to action of cdc25 protein. Nature. 1991 May 16;351(6323):194–194. doi: 10.1038/351194b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Nurse P. Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature. 1990 Apr 5;344(6266):503–508. doi: 10.1038/344503a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ohkura H., Kinoshita N., Miyatani S., Toda T., Yanagida M. The fission yeast dis2+ gene required for chromosome disjoining encodes one of two putative type 1 protein phosphatases. Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):997–1007. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90338-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Ota I. M., Varshavsky A. A gene encoding a putative tyrosine phosphatase suppresses lethality of an N-end rule-dependent mutant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2355–2359. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Ottilie S., Chernoff J., Hannig G., Hoffman C. S., Erikson R. L. A fission-yeast gene encoding a protein with features of protein-tyrosine-phosphatases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3455–3459. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3455. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Parker L. L., Atherton-Fessler S., Lee M. S., Ogg S., Falk J. L., Swenson K. I., Piwnica-Worms H. Cyclin promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 in a wee1+ dependent manner. EMBO J. 1991 May;10(5):1255–1263. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08067.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rothstein R. J. One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:202–211. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01015-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Russell P., Nurse P. Negative regulation of mitosis by wee1+, a gene encoding a protein kinase homolog. Cell. 1987 May 22;49(4):559–567. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90458-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Russell P., Nurse P. The mitotic inducer nim1+ functions in a regulatory network of protein kinase homologs controlling the initiation of mitosis. Cell. 1987 May 22;49(4):569–576. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90459-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Russell P., Nurse P. cdc25+ functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast. Cell. 1986 Apr 11;45(1):145–153. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90546-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Sadhu K., Reed S. I., Richardson H., Russell P. Human homolog of fission yeast cdc25 mitotic inducer is predominantly expressed in G2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(13):5139–5143. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.13.5139. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Simanis V., Nurse P. The cell cycle control gene cdc2+ of fission yeast encodes a protein kinase potentially regulated by phosphorylation. Cell. 1986 Apr 25;45(2):261–268. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90390-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Streuli M., Krueger N. X., Hall L. R., Schlossman S. F., Saito H. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that has a cytoplasmic region homologous to the leukocyte common antigen. J Exp Med. 1988 Nov 1;168(5):1523–1530. doi: 10.1084/jem.168.5.1523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Tonks N. K., Charbonneau H., Diltz C. D., Fischer E. H., Walsh K. A. Demonstration that the leukocyte common antigen CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Biochemistry. 1988 Nov 29;27(24):8695–8701. doi: 10.1021/bi00424a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Yamawaki-Kataoka Y., Tamaoki T., Choe H. R., Tanaka H., Kataoka T. Adenylate cyclases in yeast: a comparison of the genes from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5693–5697. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.15.5693. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES