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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2013 Jan 4;437(1):12–19. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.12.004

Fig. 1. Primary keratinocytes show limited HPV16 infectivity and high levels of basal autophagy.

Fig. 1

(A) The indicated cell lines were inoculated with 10,000 vge/cell of HPV16-LucF and incubated for 48 h. HPV16 infectivity and cell viability were measured by Bright-GloTM Luciferase Assay System (Promega)and CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Vi ability Assay (Promega), respectively. Infectivity data normalized to cell viability are shown as average relative luminescence units (RLU) from quadruplicate samples. The data shown here are from one representative of three independent experiments. (B) HFK and NIKS cells were treated with the protease inhibitors E64d and Pepstatin A (10 μg/mL each) or DMSO for 6 h, and harvested for immunoblotting of LC3, using Actin as an internal control.The data shown here are from one representative of three independent experiments.