Abstract
DNase I footprinting experiments showed that binding activities of Sp1 and of GHF-1 to its distal site on the human growth hormone gene promoter are mutually exclusive. The kinetics of GHF-1 binding were indicative of positive cooperativity. The Sp1 site did not affect promoter activity in cell-free transcription. Still, Sp1 could compensate partially for the decreased stimulation of transcription seen at low GHF-1 concentrations.
Full text
PDF



Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barberis A., Superti-Furga G., Busslinger M. Mutually exclusive interaction of the CCAAT-binding factor and of a displacement protein with overlapping sequences of a histone gene promoter. Cell. 1987 Jul 31;50(3):347–359. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90489-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bodner M., Castrillo J. L., Theill L. E., Deerinck T., Ellisman M., Karin M. The pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1 is a homeobox-containing protein. Cell. 1988 Nov 4;55(3):505–518. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90037-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cao Z. D., Barron E. A., Carillo A. J., Sharp Z. D. Reconstitution of cell-type-specific transcription of the rat prolactin gene in vitro. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3402–3408. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3402. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ingraham H. A., Chen R. P., Mangalam H. J., Elsholtz H. P., Flynn S. E., Lin C. R., Simmons D. M., Swanson L., Rosenfeld M. G. A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype. Cell. 1988 Nov 4;55(3):519–529. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90038-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koshland D. E., Jr, Némethy G., Filmer D. Comparison of experimental binding data and theoretical models in proteins containing subunits. Biochemistry. 1966 Jan;5(1):365–385. doi: 10.1021/bi00865a047. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lefevre C., Imagawa M., Dana S., Grindlay J., Bodner M., Karin M. Tissue-specific expression of the human growth hormone gene is conferred in part by the binding of a specific trans-acting factor. EMBO J. 1987 Apr;6(4):971–981. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04847.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lemaigre F. P., Courtois S. J., Lafontaine D. A., Rousseau G. G. Evidence that the upstream stimulatory factor and the Sp1 transcription factor bind in vitro to the promoter of the human-growth-hormone gene. Eur J Biochem. 1989 May 15;181(3):555–561. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14760.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lemaigre F. P., Peers B., Lafontaine D. A., Mathy-Hartert M., Rousseau G. G., Belayew A., Martial J. A. Pituitary-specific factor binding to the human prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen genes. DNA. 1989 Apr;8(3):149–159. doi: 10.1089/dna.1.1989.8.149. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lichtsteiner S., Wuarin J., Schibler U. The interplay of DNA-binding proteins on the promoter of the mouse albumin gene. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):963–973. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90583-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mercurio F., Karin M. Transcription factors AP-3 and AP-2 interact with the SV40 enhancer in a mutually exclusive manner. EMBO J. 1989 May;8(5):1455–1460. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03528.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]