Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 gene is transcriptionally regulated by a broad spectrum of DNA-damaging agents. Induction of RAD54 by DNA-damaging agents is under positive control. Sequences responsible for DNA damage induction (the DRS element) lie within a 29-base-pair region from -99 to -70 from the most proximal transcription start site. This inducible promoter element is functionally separable from a poly(dA-dT) region immediately downstream which is required for constitutive expression. Deletions which eliminate induction of RAD54 transcription by DNA damage but do not affect constitutive expression have no effect on growth or survival of noninducible strains relative to wild-type strains in the presence of DNA-damaging agents. The DRS element is also not required for homothallic mating type switching, transcriptional induction of RAD54 during meiosis, meiotic recombination, or spontaneous or X-ray-induced mitotic recombination. We find no phenotype for a lack of induction of RAD54 message via the damage-inducible DRS, which raises significant questions about the physiology of DNA damage induction in S. cerevisiae.
Full text
PDF








Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Arndt K. T., Styles C., Fink G. R. Multiple global regulators control HIS4 transcription in yeast. Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):874–880. doi: 10.1126/science.3303332. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Biggin M. D., Gibson T. J., Hong G. F. Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):3963–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.13.3963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brendel M., Haynes R. H. Interactions among genes controlling sensitivity to radiation and alkylation in yeast. Mol Gen Genet. 1973 Sep 12;125(3):197–216. doi: 10.1007/BF00270743. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cole G. M., Schild D., Mortimer R. K. Two DNA repair and recombination genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAD52 and RAD54, are induced during meiosis. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jul;9(7):3101–3104. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.7.3101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cox B., Game J. Repair systems in Saccharomyces. Mutat Res. 1974 Aug;26(4):257–264. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(74)80023-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Esposito R. E., Esposito M. S. Genetic recombination and commitment to meiosis in Saccharomyces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):3172–3176. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.3172. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedberg E. C. Deoxyribonucleic acid repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Rev. 1988 Mar;52(1):70–102. doi: 10.1128/mr.52.1.70-102.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Game J. C., Cox B. S. Synergistic interactions between rad mutations in yeast. Mutat Res. 1973 Oct;20(1):35–44. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(73)90095-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guarente L., Mason T. Heme regulates transcription of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae via an upstream activation site. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1279–1286. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90309-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hinnebusch A. G., Lucchini G., Fink G. R. A synthetic HIS4 regulatory element confers general amino acid control on the cytochrome c gene (CYC1) of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):498–502. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.498. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hinnebusch A. G. The general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1986;21(3):277–317. doi: 10.3109/10409238609113614. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hope I. A., Struhl K. GCN4 protein, synthesized in vitro, binds HIS3 regulatory sequences: implications for general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast. Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):177–188. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90022-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kostriken R., Strathern J. N., Klar A. J., Hicks J. B., Heffron F. A site-specific endonuclease essential for mating-type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):167–174. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90219-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Luria S. E., Delbrück M. Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance. Genetics. 1943 Nov;28(6):491–511. doi: 10.1093/genetics/28.6.491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McKee R. H., Lawrence C. W. Genetic analysis of gamma-ray mutagenesis in yeast. III. Double-mutant strains. Mutat Res. 1980 Mar;70(1):37–48. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(80)90056-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nakai S., Matsumoto S. Two types of radiation-sensitive mutant in yeast. Mutat Res. 1967 Mar-Apr;4(2):129–136. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(67)90064-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orr-Weaver T. L., Szostak J. W., Rothstein R. J. Yeast transformation: a model system for the study of recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6354–6358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6354. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robinson G. W., Nicolet C. M., Kalainov D., Friedberg E. C. A yeast excision-repair gene is inducible by DNA damaging agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1842–1846. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1842. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell D. W., Smith M., Cox D., Williamson V. M., Young E. T. DNA sequences of two yeast promoter-up mutants. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):652–654. doi: 10.1038/304652a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHERMAN F., ROMAN H. Evidence for two types of allelic recombination in yeast. Genetics. 1963 Feb;48:255–261. doi: 10.1093/genetics/48.2.255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saeki T., Machida I., Nakai S. Genetic control of diploid recovery after gamma-irradiation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res. 1980 Dec;73(2):251–265. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(80)90192-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Struhl K. Naturally occurring poly(dA-dT) sequences are upstream promoter elements for constitutive transcription in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8419–8423. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walker G. C. Mutagenesis and inducible responses to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev. 1984 Mar;48(1):60–93. doi: 10.1128/mr.48.1.60-93.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]