Abstract
Genomic clones representing three Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genes homologous to the Drosophila hsp70 heat shock gene were isolated. The mRNAs of genes hsp68, hsp70, and hsp80 could be translated in vitro into proteins of Mr 68,000, 70,000, and 80,000, respectively. Transcription of these genes increased dramatically upon heat shock, and the corresponding mRNAs rapidly accumulated, reaching a peak at around 30 min after a shift to the elevated temperature. Light also induced the accumulation of the mRNAs encoded by these heat shock genes. A shift of dark-grown cells to light resulted in a drastic increase in mRNA levels, which reached a maximum at around 1 h after the shift. Thus, in Chlamydomonas, expression of hsp70-homologous heat shock genes appears to be regulated by thermal stress and light.
Full text
PDF







Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ananthan J., Goldberg A. L., Voellmy R. Abnormal proteins serve as eukaryotic stress signals and trigger the activation of heat shock genes. Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):522–524. doi: 10.1126/science.3083508. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BARLOW J. J., MATHIAS A. P., WILLIAMSON R., GAMMACK D. B. A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ISOLATION OF UNDEGRADED HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT RIBONUCLEIC ACID. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1963 Sep 10;13:61–66. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(63)90163-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bardwell J. C., Craig E. A. Major heat shock gene of Drosophila and the Escherichia coli heat-inducible dnaK gene are homologous. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):848–852. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.848. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bensaude O., Babinet C., Morange M., Jacob F. Heat shock proteins, first major products of zygotic gene activity in mouse embryo. Nature. 1983 Sep 22;305(5932):331–333. doi: 10.1038/305331a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonner W. M., Laskey R. A. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03599.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chirico W. J., Waters M. G., Blobel G. 70K heat shock related proteins stimulate protein translocation into microsomes. Nature. 1988 Apr 28;332(6167):805–810. doi: 10.1038/332805a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen R. S., Meselson M. Separate regulatory elements for the heat-inducible and ovarian expression of the Drosophila hsp26 gene. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):737–746. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90247-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig E. A., Ingolia T. D., Manseau L. J. Expression of Drosophila heat-shock cognate genes during heat shock and development. Dev Biol. 1983 Oct;99(2):418–426. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90291-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig E. A., Kramer J., Kosic-Smithers J. SSC1, a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein multigene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is essential for growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4156–4160. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.12.4156. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig E. A. The heat shock response. CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1985;18(3):239–280. doi: 10.3109/10409238509085135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Critchley C. Studies on the Mechanism of Photoinhibition in Higher Plants: I. EFFECTS OF HIGH LIGHT INTENSITY ON CHLOROPLAST ACTIVITIES IN CUCUMBER ADAPTED TO LOW LIGHT. Plant Physiol. 1981 Jun;67(6):1161–1165. doi: 10.1104/pp.67.6.1161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Denhardt D. T. A membrane-filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Jun 13;23(5):641–646. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90447-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deshaies R. J., Koch B. D., Werner-Washburne M., Craig E. A., Schekman R. A subfamily of stress proteins facilitates translocation of secretory and mitochondrial precursor polypeptides. Nature. 1988 Apr 28;332(6167):800–805. doi: 10.1038/332800a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goldschmidt-Clermont M., Rahire M. Sequence, evolution and differential expression of the two genes encoding variant small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Mol Biol. 1986 Oct 5;191(3):421–432. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90137-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gorman D. S., Levine R. P. Cytochrome f and plastocyanin: their sequence in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Dec;54(6):1665–1669. doi: 10.1073/pnas.54.6.1665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenberg B. M., Gaba V., Mattoo A. K., Edelman M. Identification of a primary in vivo degradation product of the rapidly-turning-over 32 kd protein of photosystem II. EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):2865–2869. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02588.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoober J. K., Marks D. B., Keller B. J., Margulies M. M. Regulation of accumulation of the major thylakoid polypeptides in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1 at 25 degrees C and 38 degrees C. J Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;95(2 Pt 1):552–558. doi: 10.1083/jcb.95.2.552. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoober J. K., Stegeman W. J. Kinetics and regulation of synthesis of the major polypeptides of thylakoid membranes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1 at elevated temperatures. J Cell Biol. 1976 Aug;70(2 Pt 1):326–337. doi: 10.1083/jcb.70.2.326. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Key J. L., Lin C. Y., Chen Y. M. Heat shock proteins of higher plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3526–3530. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3526. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kloppstech K., Meyer G., Schuster G., Ohad I. Synthesis, transport and localization of a nuclear coded 22-kd heat-shock protein in the chloroplast membranes of peas and Chlamydomonas reinhardi. EMBO J. 1985 Aug;4(8):1901–1909. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03869.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurtz S., Rossi J., Petko L., Lindquist S. An ancient developmental induction: heat-shock proteins induced in sporulation and oogenesis. Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1154–1157. doi: 10.1126/science.3511530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kyle D. J., Ohad I., Arntzen C. J. Membrane protein damage and repair: Selective loss of a quinone-protein function in chloroplast membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(13):4070–4074. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4070. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lin C. Y., Roberts J. K., Key J. L. Acquisition of Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedlings : Synthesis and Accumulation of Heat Shock Proteins and their Cellular Localization. Plant Physiol. 1984 Jan;74(1):152–160. doi: 10.1104/pp.74.1.152. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindquist S. The heat-shock response. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:1151–1191. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005443. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mansfield M. A., Key J. L. Synthesis of the low molecular weight heat shock proteins in plants. Plant Physiol. 1987 Aug;84(4):1007–1017. doi: 10.1104/pp.84.4.1007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mestril R., Schiller P., Amin J., Klapper H., Ananthan J., Voellmy R. Heat shock and ecdysterone activation of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp23 gene; a sequence element implied in developmental regulation. EMBO J. 1986 Jul;5(7):1667–1673. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04410.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mirault M. E., Southgate R., Delwart E. Regulation of heat-shock genes: a DNA sequence upstream of Drosophila hsp70 genes is essential for their induction in monkey cells. EMBO J. 1982;1(10):1279–1285. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb00025.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pelham H. R., Jackson R. J. An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Aug 1;67(1):247–256. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10656.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riddihough G., Pelham H. R. Activation of the Drosophila hsp27 promoter by heat shock and by ecdysone involves independent and remote regulatory sequences. EMBO J. 1986 Jul;5(7):1653–1658. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04408.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rochester D. E., Winer J. A., Shah D. M. The structure and expression of maize genes encoding the major heat shock protein, hsp70. EMBO J. 1986 Mar;5(3):451–458. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04233.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schloss J. A., Silflow C. D., Rosenbaum J. L. mRNA abundance changes during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Mar;4(3):424–434. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.3.424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schuster G., Even D., Kloppstech K., Ohad I. Evidence for protection by heat-shock proteins against photoinhibition during heat-shock. EMBO J. 1988 Jan;7(1):1–6. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02776.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shepherd H. S., Ledoigt G., Howell S. H. Regulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein (LHCP) mRNA accumulation during the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Cell. 1983 Jan;32(1):99–107. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90500-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sorger P. K., Pelham H. R. Cloning and expression of a gene encoding hsc73, the major hsp70-like protein in unstressed rat cells. EMBO J. 1987 Apr;6(4):993–998. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04850.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Suissa M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of silver grains eluted from autoradiograms. Anal Biochem. 1983 Sep;133(2):511–514. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90117-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vierling E., Mishkind M. L., Schmidt G. W., Key J. L. Specific heat shock proteins are transported into chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(2):361–365. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.2.361. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Werner-Washburne M., Stone D. E., Craig E. A. Complex interactions among members of an essential subfamily of hsp70 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2568–2577. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.7.2568. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]