Table 1. Examples of model system nomenclature.

	Gene		Protein
	WT	Mutant
Human	ULK1	ULK1−/−	ULK1
Mouse	Ulk1	ulk1	ULK1
Rat	Ulk1	ulk1	ULK1
Chicken	ULK1	ULK1−/−	ULK1
Xenopus	ulk1	ulk1	ulk1
Zebrafish	ulk1a	ulk1a	Ulk1a
Caenorhabditis	unc-51/atg-1a	unc-51(-)b	UNC-51/ATG-1
Arabidopsis	ATG1a	atg1a	ATG1a
Yeast	ATG1	atg1c	Atg1

^aatg-1 is an alias; however, in this case the “other name” may actually help avoid confusion by clearly identifying the gene as a homolog of ATG1. Most of the C. elegans atg genes that have non-atg designations have “other names” that incorporate the yeast ATG nomenclature. For example, lgg-1/atg-8.1 and bec-1/atg-6. We recommend that authors use both names at least for the initial time the gene is mentioned in a paper. ^bMutants can also be expressed by specific allele designations, as in unc-51(e369) or more generally as unc-51(lof) to indicate loss of function. ^cAllele designations typically take the form of the gene name followed by a dash and an allele number, as in atg1-17. This is one reason that a protein-protein interaction such as Atg12–Atg5 should not be abbreviated as "Atg12-5."