Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1989 Feb;9(2):837–843. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.2.837

Structural organization of upstream exons and distribution of transcription start sites in the chicken c-myb gene.

S L Hahn 1, M Hahn 1, W S Hayward 1
PMCID: PMC362664  PMID: 2710126

Abstract

We mapped and sequenced three upstream exons of the chicken c-myb gene and the regions flanking the first coding exon. We found multiple potential binding sites for transcription factors in the 5'-noncoding region, a T-rich stretch of 78 base pairs (bp) (68% T) in the first intron, and four fairly long open reading frames in the antisense direction of the first coding exon and its flanking regions. Three major transcription start sites, contained within a single 11-bp region, were identified by S1 nuclease analysis and primer extension. A sequence comparison of the avian and murine c-myb genes revealed a highly conserved sequence of 124 bp in the 5'-noncoding region. Its location between the putative transcription factor binding sites and the major transcription start sites suggests that it may play an important regulatory role in c-myb expression.

Full text

PDF
837

Images in this article

840Image
on p.840

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bender T. P., Kuehl W. M. Murine myb protooncogene mRNA: cDNA sequence and evidence for 5' heterogeneity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3204–3208. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bender T. P., Thompson C. B., Kuehl W. M. Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation. Science. 1987 Sep 18;237(4821):1473–1476. doi: 10.1126/science.3498214. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bentley D. L., Groudine M. Sequence requirements for premature termination of transcription in the human c-myc gene. Cell. 1988 Apr 22;53(2):245–256. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90386-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bird A. P. CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature. 1986 May 15;321(6067):209–213. doi: 10.1038/321209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bister K., Nunn M., Moscovici C., Perbal B., Baluda M., Duesberg P. H. Acute leukemia viruses E26 and avian myeloblastosis virus have related transformation-specific RNA sequences but different genetic structures, gene products, and oncogenic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(12):3677–3681. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.12.3677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Boyle W. J., Lampert M. A., Lipsick J. S., Baluda M. A. Avian myeloblastosis virus and E26 virus oncogene products are nuclear proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4265–4269. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4265. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Calzone F. J., Britten R. J., Davidson E. H. Mapping of gene transcripts by nuclease protection assays and cDNA primer extension. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:611–632. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)52069-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dierks P., van Ooyen A., Cochran M. D., Dobkin C., Reiser J., Weissmann C. Three regions upstream from the cap site are required for efficient and accurate transcription of the rabbit beta-globin gene in mouse 3T6 cells. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):695–706. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90055-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Duprey S. P., Boettiger D. Developmental regulation of c-myb in normal myeloid progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):6937–6941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.6937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dynan W. S., Tjian R. The promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1 binds to upstream sequences in the SV40 early promoter. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):79–87. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90210-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gerondakis S., Bishop J. M. Structure of the protein encoded by the chicken proto-oncogene c-myb. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3677–3684. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.3677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gonda T. J., Bishop J. M. Structure and transcription of the cellular homolog (c-myb) of the avian myeloblastosis virus transforming gene (v-myb). J Virol. 1983 Apr;46(1):212–220. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.212-220.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gonda T. J., Cory S., Sobieszczuk P., Holtzman D., Adams J. M. Generation of altered transcripts by retroviral insertion within the c-myb gene in two murine monocytic leukemias. J Virol. 1987 Sep;61(9):2754–2763. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.9.2754-2763.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gonda T. J., Sheiness D. K., Bishop J. M. Transcripts from the cellular homologs of retroviral oncogenes: distribution among chicken tissues. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jun;2(6):617–624. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.6.617. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kanter M. R., Smith R. E., Hayward W. S. Rapid induction of B-cell lymphomas: insertional activation of c-myb by avian leukosis virus. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1423–1432. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1423-1432.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Klempnauer K. H., Gonda T. J., Bishop J. M. Nucleotide sequence of the retroviral leukemia gene v-myb and its cellular progenitor c-myb: the architecture of a transduced oncogene. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):453–463. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90138-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Klempnauer K. H., Ramsay G., Bishop J. M., Moscovici M. G., Moscovici C., McGrath J. P., Levinson A. D. The product of the retroviral transforming gene v-myb is a truncated version of the protein encoded by the cellular oncogene c-myb. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):345–355. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90416-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Klempnauer K. H., Sippel A. E. Subnuclear localization of proteins encoded by the oncogene v-myb and its cellular homolog c-myb. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):62–69. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.1.62. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Klempnauer K. H., Symonds G., Evan G. I., Bishop J. M. Subcellular localization of proteins encoded by oncogenes of avian myeloblastosis virus and avian leukemia virus E26 and by chicken c-myb gene. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):537–547. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90384-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lavu S., Reddy E. P. Structural organization and nucleotide sequence of mouse c-myb oncogene: activation in ABPL tumors is due to viral integration in an intron which results in the deletion of the 5' coding sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jul 11;14(13):5309–5320. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.13.5309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Moscovici C., Samarut J., Gazzolo L., Moscovici M. G. Myeloid and erythroid neoplastic responses to avian defective leukemia viruses in chickens and in quail. Virology. 1981 Sep;113(2):765–768. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90205-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mount S. M. A catalogue of splice junction sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 22;10(2):459–472. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.2.459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nepveu A., Marcu K. B. Intragenic pausing and anti-sense transcription within the murine c-myc locus. EMBO J. 1986 Nov;5(11):2859–2865. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04580.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nunn M., Weiher H., Bullock P., Duesberg P. Avian erythroblastosis virus E26: nucleotide sequence of the tripartite onc gene and of the LTR, and analysis of the cellular prototype of the viral ets sequence. Virology. 1984 Dec;139(2):330–339. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90378-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Radke K., Beug H., Kornfeld S., Graf T. Transformation of both erythroid and myeloid cells by E26, an avian leukemia virus that contains the myb gene. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(3 Pt 2):643–653. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90320-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rosson D., Reddy E. P. Nucleotide sequence of chicken c-myb complementary DNA and implications for myb oncogene activation. Nature. 1986 Feb 13;319(6054):604–606. doi: 10.1038/319604a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Roussel M., Saule S., Lagrou C., Rommens C., Beug H., Graf T., Stehelin D. Three new types of viral oncogene of cellular origin specific for haematopoietic cell transformation. Nature. 1979 Oct 11;281(5731):452–455. doi: 10.1038/281452a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rushlow K. E., Lautenberger J. A., Papas T. S., Baluda M. A., Perbal B., Chirikjian J. G., Reddy E. P. Nucleotide sequence of the transforming gene of avian myeloblastosis virus. Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1421–1423. doi: 10.1126/science.6283631. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Schüle R., Muller M., Otsuka-Murakami H., Renkawitz R. Cooperativity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the CACCC-box binding factor. Nature. 1988 Mar 3;332(6159):87–90. doi: 10.1038/332087a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sheiness D., Gardinier M. Expression of a proto-oncogene (proto-myb) in hemopoietic tissues of mice. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;4(7):1206–1212. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.7.1206. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Shen-Ong G. L., Morse H. C., 3rd, Potter M., Mushinski J. F. Two modes of c-myb activation in virus-induced mouse myeloid tumors. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):380–392. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.2.380. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Simon M. C., Neckameyer W. S., Hayward W. S., Smith R. E. Genetic determinants of neoplastic diseases induced by a subgroup F avian leukosis virus. J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):1203–1212. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.4.1203-1212.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Soret J., Vellard M., Martinerie C., Perbal B. Organization of 5'-proximal c-myb exons in chicken DNA. Implications for c-myb tissue-specific transcription. FEBS Lett. 1988 May 9;232(1):227–234. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80422-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Stober-Grässer U., Lipsick J. S. Specific amino acid substitutions are not required for transformation by v-myb of avian myeloblastosis virus. J Virol. 1988 Mar;62(3):1093–1096. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.3.1093-1096.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Tabor S., Richardson C. C. DNA sequence analysis with a modified bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4767–4771. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4767. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Watson R. J., Dyson P. J., McMahon J. Multiple c-myb transcript cap sites are variously utilized in cells of mouse haemopoietic origin. EMBO J. 1987 Jun;6(6):1643–1651. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02413.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wyman A. R., Wertman K. F., Barker D., Helms C., Petri W. H. Factors which equalize the representation of genome segments in recombinant libraries. Gene. 1986;49(2):263–271. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90287-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES