Abstract
The TUP1 and CYC8 (= SSN6) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae play a major role in glucose repression. Mutations in either TUP1 or CYC8 eliminate or reduce glucose repression of many repressible genes and induce other phenotypes, including flocculence, failure to sporulate, and sterility of MAT alpha cells. The TUP1 gene was isolated in a screen for genes that regulate mating type (V.L. MacKay, Methods Enzymol. 101:325-343, 1983). We found that a 3.5-kb restriction fragment was sufficient for complete complementation of tup1-100. The gene was further localized by insertional mutagenesis and RNA mapping. Sequence analysis of 2.9 kb of DNA including TUP1 revealed only one long open reading frame which predicts a protein of molecular weight 78,221. The predicted protein is rich in serine, threonine, and glutamine. In the carboxyl region there are six repeats of a pattern of about 43 amino acids. This same pattern of conserved residues is seen in the beta subunit of transducin and the yeast CDC4 gene product. Insertion and deletion mutants are viable, with the same range of phenotypes as for point mutants. Deletions of the 3' end of the coding region produced the same mutant phenotypes as did total deletions, suggesting that the C terminus is critical for TUP1 function. Strains with deletions in both the CYC8 and TUP1 genes are viable, with phenotypes similar to those of strains with a single deletion. A deletion mutation of TUP1 was able to suppress the snf1 mutation block on expression of the SUC2 gene encoding invertase.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Akhurst R. J., Calzone F. J., Lee J. J., Britten R. J., Davidson E. H. Structure and organization of the CyIII actin gene subfamily of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. J Mol Biol. 1987 Mar 20;194(2):193–203. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90368-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bennetzen J. L., Hall B. D. Codon selection in yeast. J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):3026–3031. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Botstein D., Falco S. C., Stewart S. E., Brennan M., Scherer S., Stinchcomb D. T., Struhl K., Davis R. W. Sterile host yeasts (SHY): a eukaryotic system of biological containment for recombinant DNA experiments. Gene. 1979 Dec;8(1):17–24. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90004-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carlson M., Osmond B. C., Neigeborn L., Botstein D. A suppressor of SNF1 mutations causes constitutive high-level invertase synthesis in yeast. Genetics. 1984 May;107(1):19–32. doi: 10.1093/genetics/107.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Celenza J. L., Carlson M. A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase. Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1175–1180. doi: 10.1126/science.3526554. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen E. Y., Seeburg P. H. Supercoil sequencing: a fast and simple method for sequencing plasmid DNA. DNA. 1985 Apr;4(2):165–170. doi: 10.1089/dna.1985.4.165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chou P. Y., Fasman G. D. Prediction of protein conformation. Biochemistry. 1974 Jan 15;13(2):222–245. doi: 10.1021/bi00699a002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ciriacy M. Isolation and characterization of yeast mutants defective in intermediary carbon metabolism and in carbon catabolite derepression. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Jul 20;154(2):213–220. doi: 10.1007/BF00330840. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Corces V., Pellicer A., Axel R., Meselson M. Integration, transcription, and control of a Drosophila heat shock gene in mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov;78(11):7038–7042. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.7038. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fong H. K., Hurley J. B., Hopkins R. S., Miake-Lye R., Johnson M. S., Doolittle R. F., Simon M. I. Repetitive segmental structure of the transducin beta subunit: homology with the CDC4 gene and identification of related mRNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2162–2166. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.7.2162. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guarente L., Hoar E. Upstream activation sites of the CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are active when inverted but not when placed downstream of the "TATA box". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7860–7864. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7860. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartley D. A., Preiss A., Artavanis-Tsakonas S. A deduced gene product from the Drosophila neurogenic locus, enhancer of split, shows homology to mammalian G-protein beta subunit. Cell. 1988 Dec 2;55(5):785–795. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90134-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene. 1984 Jun;28(3):351–359. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90153-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holm C., Meeks-Wagner D. W., Fangman W. L., Botstein D. A rapid, efficient method for isolating DNA from yeast. Gene. 1986;42(2):169–173. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90293-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kay R., McPherson J. Hybrid pUC vectors for addition of new restriction enzyme sites to the ends of DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Mar 25;15(6):2778–2778. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.6.2778. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lemontt J. F., Fugit D. R., Mackay V. L. Pleiotropic Mutations at the TUP1 Locus That Affect the Expression of Mating-Type-Dependent Functions in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. Genetics. 1980 Apr;94(4):899–920. doi: 10.1093/genetics/94.4.899. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lemontt J. F. Pathways of ultraviolet mutability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. III. Genetic analysis and properties of mutants resitant to ultraviolet-induced forward mutation. Mutat Res. 1977 May;43(2):179–204. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(77)90003-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Logothetis D. E., Kurachi Y., Galper J., Neer E. J., Clapham D. E. The beta gamma subunits of GTP-binding proteins activate the muscarinic K+ channel in heart. Nature. 1987 Jan 22;325(6102):321–326. doi: 10.1038/325321a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacKay V. L. Cloning of yeast STE genes in 2 microns vectors. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:325–343. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01025-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martin C. H., Mayeda C. A., Meyerowitz E. M. Evolution and expression of the Sgs-3 glue gene of Drosophila. J Mol Biol. 1988 May 20;201(2):273–287. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90138-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miesfeld R., Rusconi S., Godowski P. J., Maler B. A., Okret S., Wikström A. C., Gustafsson J. A., Yamamoto K. R. Genetic complementation of a glucocorticoid receptor deficiency by expression of cloned receptor cDNA. Cell. 1986 Aug 1;46(3):389–399. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90659-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neer E. J., Clapham D. E. Roles of G protein subunits in transmembrane signalling. Nature. 1988 May 12;333(6169):129–134. doi: 10.1038/333129a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neigeborn L., Carlson M. Mutations causing constitutive invertase synthesis in yeast: genetic interactions with snf mutations. Genetics. 1987 Feb;115(2):247–253. doi: 10.1093/genetics/115.2.247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Hara P. J., Horowitz H., Eichinger G., Young E. T. The yeast ADR6 gene encodes homopolymeric amino acid sequences and a potential metal-binding domain. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):10153–10169. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.21.10153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oberbäumer I. New pUC-derived expression vectors for rapid construction of cDNA libraries. Gene. 1986;49(1):81–91. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90387-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Passmore S., Maine G. T., Elble R., Christ C., Tye B. K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in plasmid maintenance is necessary for mating of MAT alpha cells. J Mol Biol. 1988 Dec 5;204(3):593–606. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90358-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pinkham J. L., Olesen J. T., Guarente L. P. Sequence and nuclear localization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAP2 protein, a transcriptional activator. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):578–585. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.578. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poole S. J., Kauvar L. M., Drees B., Kornberg T. The engrailed locus of Drosophila: structural analysis of an embryonic transcript. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):37–43. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90306-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rogers S., Wells R., Rechsteiner M. Amino acid sequences common to rapidly degraded proteins: the PEST hypothesis. Science. 1986 Oct 17;234(4774):364–368. doi: 10.1126/science.2876518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rothstein R. J., Sherman F. Genes affecting the expression of cytochrome c in yeast: genetic mapping and genetic interactions. Genetics. 1980 Apr;94(4):871–889. doi: 10.1093/genetics/94.4.871. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schamhart D. H., Ten Berge A. M., Van De Poll K. W. Isolation of a catabolite repression mutant of yeast as a revertant of a strain that is maltose negative in the respiratory-deficient state. J Bacteriol. 1975 Mar;121(3):747–752. doi: 10.1128/jb.121.3.747-752.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schultz J., Carlson M. Molecular analysis of SSN6, a gene functionally related to the SNF1 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3637–3645. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seifert H. S., Chen E. Y., So M., Heffron F. Shuttle mutagenesis: a method of transposon mutagenesis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(3):735–739. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.3.735. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sengstag C., Hinnen A. The sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PHO2 codes for a regulatory protein with unusual aminoacid composition. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jan 12;15(1):233–246. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.1.233. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sikorski R. S., Hieter P. A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1989 May;122(1):19–27. doi: 10.1093/genetics/122.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singer V. L., Wobbe C. R., Struhl K. A wide variety of DNA sequences can functionally replace a yeast TATA element for transcriptional activation. Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):636–645. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.4.636. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stark H. C., Fugit D., Mowshowitz D. B. Pleiotropic properties of a yeast mutant insensitive to catabolite repression. Genetics. 1980 Apr;94(4):921–928. doi: 10.1093/genetics/94.4.921. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Struhl K. Promoters, activator proteins, and the mechanism of transcriptional initiation in yeast. Cell. 1987 May 8;49(3):295–297. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90277-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stryer L. Cyclic GMP cascade of vision. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1986;9:87–119. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.000511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Suzuki Y., Nogi Y., Abe A., Fukasawa T. GAL11 protein, an auxiliary transcription activator for genes encoding galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4991–4999. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.11.4991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tabor S., Richardson C. C. DNA sequence analysis with a modified bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4767–4771. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4767. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thrash-Bingham C., Fangman W. L. A yeast mutation that stabilizes a plasmid bearing a mutated ARS1 element. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;9(2):809–816. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.2.809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trumbly R. J. Cloning and characterization of the CYC8 gene mediating glucose repression in yeast. Gene. 1988 Dec 15;73(1):97–111. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90316-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trumbly R. J. Isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants constitutive for invertase synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1986 Jun;166(3):1123–1127. doi: 10.1128/jb.166.3.1123-1127.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wharton K. A., Johansen K. M., Xu T., Artavanis-Tsakonas S. Nucleotide sequence from the neurogenic locus notch implies a gene product that shares homology with proteins containing EGF-like repeats. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):567–581. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90229-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whiteway M., Hougan L., Dignard D., Thomas D. Y., Bell L., Saari G. C., Grant F. J., O'Hara P., MacKay V. L. The STE4 and STE18 genes of yeast encode potential beta and gamma subunits of the mating factor receptor-coupled G protein. Cell. 1989 Feb 10;56(3):467–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90249-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wickner R. B. Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that incorporate deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate into deoxyribonucleic acid in vivo. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jan;117(1):252–260. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.1.252-260.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene. 1985;33(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90120-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yochem J., Byers B. Structural comparison of the yeast cell division cycle gene CDC4 and a related pseudogene. J Mol Biol. 1987 May 20;195(2):233–245. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90646-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zalkin H., Paluh J. L., van Cleemput M., Moye W. S., Yanofsky C. Nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes TRP2 and TRP3 encoding bifunctional anthranilate synthase: indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 25;259(6):3985–3992. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zaret K. S., Sherman F. DNA sequence required for efficient transcription termination in yeast. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):563–573. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90211-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhao D. B., Côté S., Jähnig F., Haller J., Jäckle H. Zipper encodes a putative integral membrane protein required for normal axon patterning during Drosophila neurogenesis. EMBO J. 1988 Apr;7(4):1115–1119. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02920.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]