Table 4.

Effect of DGF on graft loss and mortality at 1 and 5 years using a conventional linear probability model regression versus an instrumental variable analysis

Dependent variable	One year graft loss (N=69,922)		Five year graft loss (N=41,138)		One year mortality (N=72,879)		Five year mortality (N=47,604)
Model	LPM	IVM	LPM	IVM	LPM	IVM	LPM	IVM
Coefficient on DGF	0.10072	0.13546	0.12475	0.16183	0.03312	0.07112	0.05986	0.11032
(standard error)	(0.00375)	(0.02224)	(0.00465)	(0.03805)	(0.00233)	(0.01493)	(0.00466)	(0.03529)
p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002

LPM = Linear Probability Model; IVM = Instrumental Variables Model

All standard errors are heteroskedasticity robust and clustered by region

Multiply coefficient by 100 to derive the probability of dependent variable on outcome.

All models control for the following covariates: transplant year, organ procurement organization, age, sex, educational level, race, insurance status, diabetes type, days on waiting list, peak panel reactive antibodies, and number of HLA mismatches at transplant, donor age, donor sex, donor race, donor diabetes, donor hypertension, whether the kidney was pumped, terminal serum creatinine, donor cause of death, and whether the kidney was a donation after circulatory determination of death.