Table 2.

Summary of the recent laboratory studies examining the effects of sleep deprivation on weight, hunger, food intake, and appetite regulating hormones

Author	Intervention	Participants	Caloric intake	Changes with sleep deprivation
Nedeltcheva et al. [38•]	Partial sleep deprivation TIB 7 h × 2 days vs. 5.5 h × 14 days and 8.5 h × 14 days	10 M, F; mean age 41 ± 5 years; mean BMI 27.4 ± 2 kg/m2	Caloric content restricted to 90% of resting metabolic rate	5.5 h (vs. 8.5) Same weight loss ↓ fat mass loss ↑ fat-free mass loss Leptin (24h profile): ←→ Acylated ghrelin (24 h profile): ↑ Hunger: ↑
Omisade et al. [39]	Partial sleep deprivation TIB 10 h × 2 days vs. 3 h × 1 day	15 F; age 18–25 years; BMI 18.3–51.9 kg/m2	Matched meals	Weight: n/a Leptin (AM and PM assessment): ↑ Ghrelin: n/a Hunger: ←→ Caloric intake: n/a
Simpson et al. [40]	Partial sleep deprivation TIB 10 h × 2 days vs. 4 h × 5 days	136 M, F; age 22–45 years; BMI 17.7–32.6 kg/m2	Ad libitum food access	Weight: n/a Leptin (single AM assessment): ↑ Ghrelin: n/a Hunger: n/a Caloric intake: n/a
Pejovic et al. [41]	Total sleep deprivation TIB 8 h × 4 days 40 h sleep deprivation 8 h × 2 days (recovery)	21 M, F; age 18–30 years; lean and overweight	Non-controlled food intake	TSD (vs. recovery): Weight: n/a Leptin (24h profile): ↑ Ghrelin: n/a Hunger: ←→ Food intake: ←→
Brondel et al. [42]	Partial sleep deprivation TIB 8 h × 2 days vs. 4 h × 1 day	12 M; age 18–29 years; BMI 19–24.6 kg/m2	Ad libitum food intake after sleep restriction	Weight: n/a Leptin: n/a Ghrelin: n/a Hunger: ↑ before breakfast and dinner Caloric intake: ↑
Tasali et al. [43]	Partial sleep deprivation TIB 8.5 h × 4 days vs. 4.5 h × 4 days	10 M, F; age 18–28 years; BMI 20–25 kg/m2	Matched meals/ad libitum buffet at the end	Weight: ←→ Leptin (single AM assessment): ↑ Ghrelin: n/a Hunger: n/a Caloric intake: n/a

F, female; M, male; n/a, not available; TIB, time in bed; TSD, total sleep deprivation.