Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1987 Feb;7(2):932–935. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.932

Activation of c-myc and c-K-ras oncogenes in primary rat tumors induced by ionizing radiation.

M J Sawey, A T Hood, F J Burns, S J Garte
PMCID: PMC365153  PMID: 3547086

Abstract

An activated K-ras oncogene was detected by transfection in NIH 3T3 cells and by Southern blot analysis in 6 of 12 rat skin tumors induced by ionizing radiation. The DNA from 10 of the 12 tumors also showed c-myc gene amplification and restriction polymorphisms. Evidence for tissue specificity was observed in patterns of oncogene activation, with each of three clear cell carcinomas exhibiting activation of both c-myc and K-ras oncogenes.

Full text

PDF
932

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Albert R. E., Phillips M. E., Bennett P., Burns F., Heimbach R. The morphology and growth characteristics of radiation-induced epithelial skin tumors in the rat. Cancer Res. 1969 Mar;29(3):658–668. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Balmain A., Pragnell I. B. Mouse skin carcinomas induced in vivo by chemical carcinogens have a transforming Harvey-ras oncogene. Nature. 1983 May 5;303(5912):72–74. doi: 10.1038/303072a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Balmain A., Ramsden M., Bowden G. T., Smith J. Activation of the mouse cellular Harvey-ras gene in chemically induced benign skin papillomas. Nature. 1984 Feb 16;307(5952):658–660. doi: 10.1038/307658a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Barbacid M. Oncogenes and human cancer: cause or consequence? Carcinogenesis. 1986 Jul;7(7):1037–1042. doi: 10.1093/carcin/7.7.1037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bizub D., Wood A. W., Skalka A. M. Mutagenesis of the Ha-ras oncogene in mouse skin tumors induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):6048–6052. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.6048. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Boutwell R. K. The function and mechanism of promoters of carcinogenesis. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1974 Jan;2(4):419–443. doi: 10.3109/10408447309025704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dalla-Favera R., Martinotti S., Gallo R. C., Erikson J., Croce C. M. Translocation and rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene locus in human undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):963–967. doi: 10.1126/science.6401867. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Feramisco J. R., Smart J. E., Burridge K., Helfman D. M., Thomas G. P. Co-existence of vinculin and a vinculin-like protein of higher molecular weight in smooth muscle. J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 25;257(18):11024–11031. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fujita J., Yoshida O., Yuasa Y., Rhim J. S., Hatanaka M., Aaronson S. A. Ha-ras oncogenes are activated by somatic alterations in human urinary tract tumours. 1984 May 31-Jun 6Nature. 309(5967):464–466. doi: 10.1038/309464a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Garte S. J., Hood A. T., Hochwalt A. E., D'Eustachio P., Snyder C. A., Segal A., Albert R. E. Carcinogen specificity in the activation of transforming genes by direct-acting alkylating agents. Carcinogenesis. 1985 Dec;6(12):1709–1712. doi: 10.1093/carcin/6.12.1709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Guerrero I., Calzada P., Mayer A., Pellicer A. A molecular approach to leukemogenesis: mouse lymphomas contain an activated c-ras oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):202–205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Guerrero I., Villasante A., Corces V., Pellicer A. Activation of a c-K-ras oncogene by somatic mutation in mouse lymphomas induced by gamma radiation. Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1159–1162. doi: 10.1126/science.6474169. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hall A., Marshall C. J., Spurr N. K., Weiss R. A. Identification of transforming gene in two human sarcoma cell lines as a new member of the ras gene family located on chromosome 1. Nature. 1983 Jun 2;303(5916):396–400. doi: 10.1038/303396a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Housey G. M., Kirschmeier P., Garte S. J., Burns F., Troll W., Weinstein I. B. Expression of long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences in carcinogen-induced murine skin carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Feb 28;127(1):391–398. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(85)80172-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Land H., Parada L. F., Weinberg R. A. Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):596–602. doi: 10.1038/304596a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Marcu K. B., Harris L. J., Stanton L. W., Erikson J., Watt R., Croce C. M. Transcriptionally active c-myc oncogene is contained within NIARD, a DNA sequence associated with chromosome translocations in B-cell neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):519–523. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.2.519. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McMaster G. K., Carmichael G. G. Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4835–4838. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4835. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mizuki K., Nose K., Okamoto H., Tsuchida N., Hayashi K. Amplification of c-Ki-ras gene and aberrant expression of c-myc in WI-38 cells transformed in vitro by gamma-irradiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Apr 30;128(2):1037–1043. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90152-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Murray M. J., Cunningham J. M., Parada L. F., Dautry F., Lebowitz P., Weinberg R. A. The HL-60 transforming sequence: a ras oncogene coexisting with altered myc genes in hematopoietic tumors. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):749–757. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90017-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Payne G. S., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Multiple arrangements of viral DNA and an activated host oncogene in bursal lymphomas. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):209–214. doi: 10.1038/295209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Reddy E. P., Reynolds R. K., Santos E., Barbacid M. A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. Nature. 1982 Nov 11;300(5888):149–152. doi: 10.1038/300149a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ruley H. E. Adenovirus early region 1A enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):602–606. doi: 10.1038/304602a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schwab M., Ellison J., Busch M., Rosenau W., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Enhanced expression of the human gene N-myc consequent to amplification of DNA may contribute to malignant progression of neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4940–4944. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4940. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sukumar S., Notario V., Martin-Zanca D., Barbacid M. Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by nitroso-methylurea involves malignant activation of H-ras-1 locus by single point mutations. Nature. 1983 Dec 15;306(5944):658–661. doi: 10.1038/306658a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tabin C. J., Bradley S. M., Bargmann C. I., Weinberg R. A., Papageorge A. G., Scolnick E. M., Dhar R., Lowy D. R., Chang E. H. Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene. Nature. 1982 Nov 11;300(5888):143–149. doi: 10.1038/300143a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Taparowsky E., Suard Y., Fasano O., Shimizu K., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Activation of the T24 bladder carcinoma transforming gene is linked to a single amino acid change. Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):762–765. doi: 10.1038/300762a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Taya Y., Hosogai K., Hirohashi S., Shimosato Y., Tsuchiya R., Tsuchida N., Fushimi M., Sekiya T., Nishimura S. A novel combination of K-ras and myc amplification accompanied by point mutational activation of K-ras in a human lung cancer. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2943–2946. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02236.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Weinberg R. A. The action of oncogenes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):770–776. doi: 10.1126/science.2997917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wigler M., Pellicer A., Silverstein S., Axel R., Urlaub G., Chasin L. DNA-mediated transfer of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus into mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1373–1376. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.3.1373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Zarbl H., Sukumar S., Arthur A. V., Martin-Zanca D., Barbacid M. Direct mutagenesis of Ha-ras-1 oncogenes by N-nitroso-N-methylurea during initiation of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. 1985 May 30-Jun 5Nature. 315(6018):382–385. doi: 10.1038/315382a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES