Abstract
An activated K-ras oncogene was detected by transfection in NIH 3T3 cells and by Southern blot analysis in 6 of 12 rat skin tumors induced by ionizing radiation. The DNA from 10 of the 12 tumors also showed c-myc gene amplification and restriction polymorphisms. Evidence for tissue specificity was observed in patterns of oncogene activation, with each of three clear cell carcinomas exhibiting activation of both c-myc and K-ras oncogenes.
Full text
PDF



Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Albert R. E., Phillips M. E., Bennett P., Burns F., Heimbach R. The morphology and growth characteristics of radiation-induced epithelial skin tumors in the rat. Cancer Res. 1969 Mar;29(3):658–668. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Balmain A., Pragnell I. B. Mouse skin carcinomas induced in vivo by chemical carcinogens have a transforming Harvey-ras oncogene. Nature. 1983 May 5;303(5912):72–74. doi: 10.1038/303072a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Balmain A., Ramsden M., Bowden G. T., Smith J. Activation of the mouse cellular Harvey-ras gene in chemically induced benign skin papillomas. Nature. 1984 Feb 16;307(5952):658–660. doi: 10.1038/307658a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barbacid M. Oncogenes and human cancer: cause or consequence? Carcinogenesis. 1986 Jul;7(7):1037–1042. doi: 10.1093/carcin/7.7.1037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bizub D., Wood A. W., Skalka A. M. Mutagenesis of the Ha-ras oncogene in mouse skin tumors induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):6048–6052. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.6048. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boutwell R. K. The function and mechanism of promoters of carcinogenesis. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1974 Jan;2(4):419–443. doi: 10.3109/10408447309025704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dalla-Favera R., Martinotti S., Gallo R. C., Erikson J., Croce C. M. Translocation and rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene locus in human undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):963–967. doi: 10.1126/science.6401867. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feramisco J. R., Smart J. E., Burridge K., Helfman D. M., Thomas G. P. Co-existence of vinculin and a vinculin-like protein of higher molecular weight in smooth muscle. J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 25;257(18):11024–11031. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fujita J., Yoshida O., Yuasa Y., Rhim J. S., Hatanaka M., Aaronson S. A. Ha-ras oncogenes are activated by somatic alterations in human urinary tract tumours. 1984 May 31-Jun 6Nature. 309(5967):464–466. doi: 10.1038/309464a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garte S. J., Hood A. T., Hochwalt A. E., D'Eustachio P., Snyder C. A., Segal A., Albert R. E. Carcinogen specificity in the activation of transforming genes by direct-acting alkylating agents. Carcinogenesis. 1985 Dec;6(12):1709–1712. doi: 10.1093/carcin/6.12.1709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guerrero I., Calzada P., Mayer A., Pellicer A. A molecular approach to leukemogenesis: mouse lymphomas contain an activated c-ras oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):202–205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guerrero I., Villasante A., Corces V., Pellicer A. Activation of a c-K-ras oncogene by somatic mutation in mouse lymphomas induced by gamma radiation. Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1159–1162. doi: 10.1126/science.6474169. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall A., Marshall C. J., Spurr N. K., Weiss R. A. Identification of transforming gene in two human sarcoma cell lines as a new member of the ras gene family located on chromosome 1. Nature. 1983 Jun 2;303(5916):396–400. doi: 10.1038/303396a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Housey G. M., Kirschmeier P., Garte S. J., Burns F., Troll W., Weinstein I. B. Expression of long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences in carcinogen-induced murine skin carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Feb 28;127(1):391–398. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(85)80172-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Land H., Parada L. F., Weinberg R. A. Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):596–602. doi: 10.1038/304596a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marcu K. B., Harris L. J., Stanton L. W., Erikson J., Watt R., Croce C. M. Transcriptionally active c-myc oncogene is contained within NIARD, a DNA sequence associated with chromosome translocations in B-cell neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):519–523. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.2.519. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McMaster G. K., Carmichael G. G. Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4835–4838. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4835. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mizuki K., Nose K., Okamoto H., Tsuchida N., Hayashi K. Amplification of c-Ki-ras gene and aberrant expression of c-myc in WI-38 cells transformed in vitro by gamma-irradiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Apr 30;128(2):1037–1043. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90152-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray M. J., Cunningham J. M., Parada L. F., Dautry F., Lebowitz P., Weinberg R. A. The HL-60 transforming sequence: a ras oncogene coexisting with altered myc genes in hematopoietic tumors. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):749–757. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90017-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Payne G. S., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Multiple arrangements of viral DNA and an activated host oncogene in bursal lymphomas. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):209–214. doi: 10.1038/295209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reddy E. P., Reynolds R. K., Santos E., Barbacid M. A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. Nature. 1982 Nov 11;300(5888):149–152. doi: 10.1038/300149a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ruley H. E. Adenovirus early region 1A enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):602–606. doi: 10.1038/304602a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwab M., Ellison J., Busch M., Rosenau W., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Enhanced expression of the human gene N-myc consequent to amplification of DNA may contribute to malignant progression of neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4940–4944. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4940. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sukumar S., Notario V., Martin-Zanca D., Barbacid M. Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by nitroso-methylurea involves malignant activation of H-ras-1 locus by single point mutations. Nature. 1983 Dec 15;306(5944):658–661. doi: 10.1038/306658a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tabin C. J., Bradley S. M., Bargmann C. I., Weinberg R. A., Papageorge A. G., Scolnick E. M., Dhar R., Lowy D. R., Chang E. H. Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene. Nature. 1982 Nov 11;300(5888):143–149. doi: 10.1038/300143a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taparowsky E., Suard Y., Fasano O., Shimizu K., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Activation of the T24 bladder carcinoma transforming gene is linked to a single amino acid change. Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):762–765. doi: 10.1038/300762a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taya Y., Hosogai K., Hirohashi S., Shimosato Y., Tsuchiya R., Tsuchida N., Fushimi M., Sekiya T., Nishimura S. A novel combination of K-ras and myc amplification accompanied by point mutational activation of K-ras in a human lung cancer. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2943–2946. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02236.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinberg R. A. The action of oncogenes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):770–776. doi: 10.1126/science.2997917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wigler M., Pellicer A., Silverstein S., Axel R., Urlaub G., Chasin L. DNA-mediated transfer of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus into mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1373–1376. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.3.1373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zarbl H., Sukumar S., Arthur A. V., Martin-Zanca D., Barbacid M. Direct mutagenesis of Ha-ras-1 oncogenes by N-nitroso-N-methylurea during initiation of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. 1985 May 30-Jun 5Nature. 315(6018):382–385. doi: 10.1038/315382a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]



