Abstract
Expression from the Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 promoter was controlled by a regulatory unit that was composed of two sequence elements that resembled the heat shock consensus sequence. The unit functioned in both orientations and at different distances from downstream promoter sequences. Each element of the unit alone was essentially inactive. Association of two elements resulted in a dramatic increase of transcription from the hsp70 promoter. This synergistic effect was independent of the relative orientation of the elements and, to a large extent, of the distance between them. Duplication of a region containing only one element also yielded a highly active, heat-regulated promoter. Genes with three to five elements were three to four times more active than those with a single regulatory unit.
Full text
PDF







Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Amin J., Mestril R., Lawson R., Klapper H., Voellmy R. The heat shock consensus sequence is not sufficient for hsp70 gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):197–203. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.1.197. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berk A. J., Sharp P. A. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):721–732. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90272-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bienz M., Pelham H. R. Expression of a Drosophila heat-shock protein in Xenopus oocytes: conserved and divergent regulatory signals. EMBO J. 1982;1(12):1583–1588. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01359.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bienz M., Pelham H. R. Heat shock regulatory elements function as an inducible enhancer in the Xenopus hsp70 gene and when linked to a heterologous promoter. Cell. 1986 Jun 6;45(5):753–760. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90789-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen R. S., Meselson M. Inducible transcription and puffing in Drosophila melanogaster transformed with hsp70-phage lambda hybrid heat shock genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep;81(17):5509–5513. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.17.5509. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen R. S., Meselson M. Separate regulatory elements for the heat-inducible and ovarian expression of the Drosophila hsp26 gene. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):737–746. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90247-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dudler R., Travers A. A. Upstream elements necessary for optimal function of the hsp 70 promoter in transformed flies. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):391–398. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90494-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goldschmidt-Clermont M. Two genes for the major heat-shock protein of Drosophila melanogaster arranged as an inverted repeat. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jan 25;8(2):235–252. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.2.235. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoffman E., Corces V. Sequences involved in temperature and ecdysterone-induced transcription are located in separate regions of a Drosophila melanogaster heat shock gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):663–673. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.2.663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karch F., Török I., Tissières A. Extensive regions of homology in front of the two hsp70 heat shock variant genes in Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Biol. 1981 May 25;148(3):219–230. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90536-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klemenz R., Gehring W. J. Sequence requirement for expression of the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein hsp22 gene during heat shock and normal development. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;6(6):2011–2019. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.6.2011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kumar R., Firak T. A., Schroll C. T., Subramanian K. N. Activation of gene expression is adversely affected at high multiplicities of linked simian virus 40 enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3199–3203. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawson R., Mestril R., Luo Y., Voellmy R. Ecdysterone selectively stimulates the expression of a 23000-Da heat-shock protein-beta-galactosidase hybrid gene in cultured Drosophila cells. Dev Biol. 1985 Aug;110(2):321–330. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90091-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawson R., Mestril R., Schiller P., Voellmy R. Expression of heat shock-beta-galactosidase hybrid genes in cultured Drosophila cells. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;198(2):116–124. doi: 10.1007/BF00328710. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mellon P., Parker V., Gluzman Y., Maniatis T. Identification of DNA sequences required for transcription of the human alpha 1-globin gene in a new SV40 host-vector system. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):279–288. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90411-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mestril R., Schiller P., Amin J., Klapper H., Ananthan J., Voellmy R. Heat shock and ecdysterone activation of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp23 gene; a sequence element implied in developmental regulation. EMBO J. 1986 Jul;5(7):1667–1673. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04410.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mirault M. E., Southgate R., Delwart E. Regulation of heat-shock genes: a DNA sequence upstream of Drosophila hsp70 genes is essential for their induction in monkey cells. EMBO J. 1982;1(10):1279–1285. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb00025.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parker C. S., Topol J. A Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor binds to the regulatory site of an hsp 70 gene. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):273–283. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90323-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pauli D., Spierer A., Tissières A. Several hundred base pairs upstream of Drosophila hsp23 and 26 genes are required for their heat induction in transformed flies. EMBO J. 1986 Apr;5(4):755–761. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04278.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pelham H. R. A regulatory upstream promoter element in the Drosophila hsp 70 heat-shock gene. Cell. 1982 Sep;30(2):517–528. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90249-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riddihough G., Pelham H. R. Activation of the Drosophila hsp27 promoter by heat shock and by ecdysone involves independent and remote regulatory sequences. EMBO J. 1986 Jul;5(7):1653–1658. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04408.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shuey D. J., Parker C. S. Binding of Drosophila heat-shock gene transcription factor to the hsp 70 promoter. Evidence for symmetric and dynamic interactions. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jun 15;261(17):7934–7940. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simon J. A., Sutton C. A., Lobell R. B., Glaser R. L., Lis J. T. Determinants of heat shock-induced chromosome puffing. Cell. 1985 Apr;40(4):805–817. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90340-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southgate R., Ayme A., Voellmy R. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Drosophila small heat shock gene cluster at locus 67B. J Mol Biol. 1983 Mar 25;165(1):35–57. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80241-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swimmer C., Shenk T. A viable simian virus 40 variant that carries a newly generated sequence reiteration in place of the normal duplicated enhancer element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(21):6652–6656. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.21.6652. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Topol J., Ruden D. M., Parker C. S. Sequences required for in vitro transcriptional activation of a Drosophila hsp 70 gene. Cell. 1985 Sep;42(2):527–537. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90110-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Török I., Karch F. Nucleotide sequences of heat shock activated genes in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Sequences in the regions of the 5' and 3' ends of the hsp 70 gene in the hybrid plasmid 56H8. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jul 25;8(14):3105–3123. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.14.3105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Voellmy R., Ahmed A., Schiller P., Bromley P., Rungger D. Isolation and functional analysis of a human 70,000-dalton heat shock protein gene segment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(15):4949–4953. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4949. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Voellmy R., Rungger D. Transcription of a Drosophila heat shock gene is heat-induced in Xenopus oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1776–1780. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1776. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weber F., de Villiers J., Schaffner W. An SV40 "enhancer trap" incorporates exogenous enhancers or generates enhancers from its own sequences. Cell. 1984 Apr;36(4):983–992. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90048-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu C. Activating protein factor binds in vitro to upstream control sequences in heat shock gene chromatin. Nature. 1984 Sep 6;311(5981):81–84. doi: 10.1038/311081a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu C. Two protein-binding sites in chromatin implicated in the activation of heat-shock genes. Nature. 1984 May 17;309(5965):229–234. doi: 10.1038/309229a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zenke M., Grundström T., Matthes H., Wintzerith M., Schatz C., Wildeman A., Chambon P. Multiple sequence motifs are involved in SV40 enhancer function. EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):387–397. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04224.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

