Table 1.

Ceramic composition and surface treatment protocols

Ceramic	Conditioning
Feldspathic	9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 2 to 2.5 min; 1 min washing; silane application
Leucite-reinforced	9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s; 1 min washing; silane application
Lithium disilicate-reinforced	9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s; 1 min washing; silane application

Note: Adapted with permission from Soares CJ, Soares PV, Pereira JC, Fonseca RB. Surface treatment protocols in the cementation process of ceramic and laboratory-composite restorations: a literature review. J Esthet Rest Dent. 2005;17:224–235. © 2005 John wiley & Sons, Inc.11