Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1987 May;7(5):1955–1960. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.5.1955

Evidence that the phl gene encodes a 160,000-dalton phosphoprotein with associated kinase activity.

K Stam, N Heisterkamp, F H Reynolds Jr, J Groffen
PMCID: PMC365301  PMID: 3299055

Abstract

In chronic myelocytic leukemia, the human c-abl oncogene is translocated from chromosome 9 to a region on chromosome 22 designated as the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) (A. de Klein, A. Guerts van Kessel, G. Grosveld, C. R. Bartram, A. Hagemeyer, D. Bootsma, N. K. Spurr, N. Heisterkamp, J. Groffen, and J. R. Stephenson, Nature (London) 300:765-767, 1982; J. Groffen, J. R. Stephenson, N. Heisterkamp, A. de Klein, C. R. Bartram, and G. Grosveld, Cell 36:93-99.) Abnormal c-abl homologous mRNA and protein have been detected in the leukemic cells of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (E. Canaani, D. Stein-Saltz, E. Aghai, R. P. Gale, A. Berrebi, and E. Januszewicz, Lancet 1:593-595, 1984; S. J. Collins and M. T. Groudine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4813-4817, 1983; R. P. Gale and E. Canaani, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5648-5652, 1984; J. B. Konopka, S. M. Watanabe, J. W. Singer, S. J. Collins, and O. N. Witte, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1810-1814, 1985). The abnormal mRNA represents a chimeric transcript consisting of 5' bcr and 3' c-abl sequences (G. Grosveld, J. Verwoerd, T. van Agthoven, A. de Klein, K. L. Ramachandran, N. Heisterkamp, K. Stam, and J. Groffen, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:607-616, 1986; E. Shtivelman, B. Lifshitz, R. B. Gale, and E. Canaani, Nature (London) 315:550-554, 1985; K. Stam, N. Heisterkamp, G. Grosveld, A. de Klein, R. S. Verma, M. Coleman, H. Dosik, and J. Groffen, N. Engl. J. Med. 313:1429-1433, 1985). In the present study, we demonstrated that the abnormal c-abl protein is a fusion protein. In addition, the normal gene encompassing bcr sequences was shown to encode a 160,000-dalton phosphoprotein with an associated serine or threonine kinase activity. We propose that this gene be designated phl, reserving the term bcr for the region within the phl gene encompassing the Ph' translocation breakpoints.

Full text

PDF
1955

Images in this article

1956Image
on p.1956
1958Image
on p.1958
1958Image
on p.1958

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ben-Neriah Y., Daley G. Q., Mes-Masson A. M., Witte O. N., Baltimore D. The chronic myelogenous leukemia-specific P210 protein is the product of the bcr/abl hybrid gene. Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):212–214. doi: 10.1126/science.3460176. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Canaani E., Gale R. P., Steiner-Saltz D., Berrebi A., Aghai E., Januszewicz E. Altered transcription of an oncogene in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Lancet. 1984 Mar 17;1(8377):593–595. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90997-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Collins S. J., Groudine M. T. Rearrangement and amplification of c-abl sequences in the human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4813–4817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cooper J. A., Hunter T. Four different classes of retroviruses induce phosphorylation of tyrosines present in similar cellular proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1981 May;1(5):394–407. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.5.394. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Davis R. L., Konopka J. B., Witte O. N. Activation of the c-abl oncogene by viral transduction or chromosomal translocation generates altered c-abl proteins with similar in vitro kinase properties. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):204–213. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.1.204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gale R. P., Canaani E. An 8-kilobase abl RNA transcript in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep;81(18):5648–5652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.18.5648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Groffen J., Stephenson J. R., Heisterkamp N., de Klein A., Bartram C. R., Grosveld G. Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. Cell. 1984 Jan;36(1):93–99. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90077-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Grosveld G., Verwoerd T., van Agthoven T., de Klein A., Ramachandran K. L., Heisterkamp N., Stam K., Groffen J. The chronic myelocytic cell line K562 contains a breakpoint in bcr and produces a chimeric bcr/c-abl transcript. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):607–616. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.2.607. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Heisterkamp N., Groffen J., Stephenson J. R., Spurr N. K., Goodfellow P. N., Solomon E., Carritt B., Bodmer W. F. Chromosomal localization of human cellular homologues of two viral oncogenes. Nature. 1982 Oct 21;299(5885):747–749. doi: 10.1038/299747a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Heisterkamp N., Stam K., Groffen J., de Klein A., Grosveld G. Structural organization of the bcr gene and its role in the Ph' translocation. 1985 Jun 27-Jul 3Nature. 315(6022):758–761. doi: 10.1038/315758a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Heisterkamp N., Stephenson J. R., Groffen J., Hansen P. F., de Klein A., Bartram C. R., Grosveld G. Localization of the c-ab1 oncogene adjacent to a translocation break point in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Nature. 1983 Nov 17;306(5940):239–242. doi: 10.1038/306239a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kloetzer W., Kurzrock R., Smith L., Talpaz M., Spiller M., Gutterman J., Arlinghaus R. The human cellular abl gene product in the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 has an associated tyrosine protein kinase activity. Virology. 1985 Jan 30;140(2):230–238. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90361-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Konopka J. B., Watanabe S. M., Singer J. W., Collins S. J., Witte O. N. Cell lines and clinical isolates derived from Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia patients express c-abl proteins with a common structural alteration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1810–1814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Konopka J. B., Watanabe S. M., Witte O. N. An alteration of the human c-abl protein in K562 leukemia cells unmasks associated tyrosine kinase activity. Cell. 1984 Jul;37(3):1035–1042. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90438-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Konopka J. B., Witte O. N. Detection of c-abl tyrosine kinase activity in vitro permits direct comparison of normal and altered abl gene products. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Nov;5(11):3116–3123. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.11.3116. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Prywes R., Foulkes J. G., Rosenberg N., Baltimore D. Sequences of the A-MuLV protein needed for fibroblast and lymphoid cell transformation. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):569–579. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90389-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Roussel M. F., Rettenmier C. W., Look A. T., Sherr C. J. Cell surface expression of v-fms-coded glycoproteins is required for transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):1999–2009. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.1999. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rowley J. D. Letter: A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukaemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining. Nature. 1973 Jun 1;243(5405):290–293. doi: 10.1038/243290a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shtivelman E., Lifshitz B., Gale R. P., Canaani E. Fused transcript of abl and bcr genes in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Nature. 1985 Jun 13;315(6020):550–554. doi: 10.1038/315550a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Spindler K. R., Rosser D. S., Berk A. J. Analysis of adenovirus transforming proteins from early regions 1A and 1B with antisera to inducible fusion antigens produced in Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1984 Jan;49(1):132–141. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.1.132-141.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stam K., Heisterkamp N., Grosveld G., de Klein A., Verma R. S., Coleman M., Dosik H., Groffen J. Evidence of a new chimeric bcr/c-abl mRNA in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and the Philadelphia chromosome. N Engl J Med. 1985 Dec 5;313(23):1429–1433. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198512053132301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. de Klein A., van Kessel A. G., Grosveld G., Bartram C. R., Hagemeijer A., Bootsma D., Spurr N. K., Heisterkamp N., Groffen J., Stephenson J. R. A cellular oncogene is translocated to the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):765–767. doi: 10.1038/300765a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES