Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1988 Nov;8(11):4616–4624. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.11.4616

Transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle-dependent thymidylate synthase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

E M McIntosh 1, R W Ord 1, R K Storms 1
PMCID: PMC365550  PMID: 3062362

Abstract

We have previously shown that transcript levels expressed from the yeast TMP1 gene fluctuate periodically during the yeast cell cycle. However, it was not known whether periodic expression resulted from a regulatory mechanism acting at the level of transcription or a regulatory mechanism acting at the level of cell cycle stage-dependent changes in the stability of the TMP1 transcript. In this report we now show that the periodic expression of TMP1 transcript is primarily controlled at the level of its transcription by sequences which are upstream of its transcription initiation sites. We also localized the upstream sequences necessary for periodic transcription to a 150-base-pair region and show that this region encodes an element(s) with the properties of a periodic upstream activating sequence. The regulatory region defined in this study apparently does not contain consensus sequences similar to those reported for the cell cycle-regulated HO endonuclease or for the histone H2A and H2B genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Full text

PDF
4616

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ayusawa D., Shimizu K., Koyama H., Kaneda S., Takeishi K., Seno T. Cell-cycle-directed regulation of thymidylate synthase messenger RNA in human diploid fibroblasts stimulated to proliferate. J Mol Biol. 1986 Aug 20;190(4):559–567. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90241-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barker D. G., White J. H., Johnston L. H. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA ligase gene (CDC9) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a gene which is cell-cycle regulated and induced in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Dec 9;13(23):8323–8337. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.23.8323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Breeden L., Nasmyth K. Cell cycle control of the yeast HO gene: cis- and trans-acting regulators. Cell. 1987 Feb 13;48(3):389–397. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90190-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Broach J. R., Strathern J. N., Hicks J. B. Transformation in yeast: development of a hybrid cloning vector and isolation of the CAN1 gene. Gene. 1979 Dec;8(1):121–133. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90012-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Elledge S. J., Davis R. W. Identification and isolation of the gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DNA damage-inducible gene required for mitotic viability. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2783–2793. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.8.2783. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Giaever G., Lynn R., Goto T., Wang J. C. The complete nucleotide sequence of the structural gene TOP2 of yeast DNA topoisomerase II. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12448–12454. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Greenwood M. T., Calmels E. M., Storms R. K. Growth-rate-dependent regulation of the expression and inactivation of thymidylate synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1336–1342. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1336-1342.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Guarente L., Lalonde B., Gifford P., Alani E. Distinctly regulated tandem upstream activation sites mediate catabolite repression of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):503–511. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90243-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Guarente L., Mason T. Heme regulates transcription of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae via an upstream activation site. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1279–1286. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90309-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Guarente L. Regulatory proteins in yeast. Annu Rev Genet. 1987;21:425–452. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.21.120187.002233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hereford L. M., Osley M. A., Ludwig T. R., 2nd, McLaughlin C. S. Cell-cycle regulation of yeast histone mRNA. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):367–375. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90326-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lycan D. E., Osley M. A., Hereford L. M. Role of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation in expression of histone genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):614–621. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.614. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McIntosh E. M., Gadsden M. H., Haynes R. H. Transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in DNA synthesis during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Sep;204(3):363–366. doi: 10.1007/BF00331011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McIntosh E. M., Haynes R. H. Sequence and expression of the dCMP deaminase gene (DCD1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1711–1721. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.5.1711. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. McNeil J. B., Smith M. Transcription initiation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c gene. Multiple, independent T-A-T-A sequences. J Mol Biol. 1986 Feb 5;187(3):363–378. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90439-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nasmyth K. A repetitive DNA sequence that confers cell-cycle START (CDC28)-dependent transcription of the HO gene in yeast. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):225–235. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80118-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Osley M. A., Gould J., Kim S., Kane M. Y., Hereford L. Identification of sequences in a yeast histone promoter involved in periodic transcription. Cell. 1986 May 23;45(4):537–544. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90285-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Osley M. A., Hereford L. Identification of a sequence responsible for periodic synthesis of yeast histone 2A mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(24):7689–7693. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.24.7689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Peterson T. A., Prakash L., Prakash S., Osley M. A., Reed S. I. Regulation of CDC9, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that encodes DNA ligase. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;5(1):226–235. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.1.226. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pfeifer K., Arcangioli B., Guarente L. Yeast HAP1 activator competes with the factor RC2 for binding to the upstream activation site UAS1 of the CYC1 gene. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90750-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Storms R. K., Ord R. W., Greenwood M. T., Mirdamadi B., Chu F. K., Belfort M. Cell cycle-dependent expression of thymidylate synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Dec;4(12):2858–2864. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2858. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Taylor G. R., Lagosky P. A., Storms R. K., Haynes R. H. Molecular characterization of the cell cycle-regulated thymidylate synthase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 15;262(11):5298–5307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Tsao S. G., Brunk C. F., Pearlman R. E. Hybridization of nucleic acids directly in agarose gels. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jun;131(2):365–372. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90185-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. White J. H., Green S. R., Barker D. G., Dumas L. B., Johnston L. H. The CDC8 transcript is cell cycle regulated in yeast and is expressed coordinately with CDC9 and CDC21 at a point preceding histone transcription. Exp Cell Res. 1987 Jul;171(1):223–231. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(87)90265-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES