Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1988 Nov;8(11):4721–4726. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.11.4721

Assignment of cloned genes to the seven electrophoretically separated Candida albicans chromosomes.

B B Magee 1, Y Koltin 1, J A Gorman 1, P T Magee 1
PMCID: PMC365563  PMID: 3062368

Abstract

By using orthogonal-field alternating gel electrophoresis (OFAGE), field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE), and contour-clamped homogeneous field gel electrophoresis (CHEF), we have clearly resolved 11 chromosomal bands from various Candida albicans strains. OFAGE resolves the smaller chromosomes better, while FIGE, which under our conditions causes the chromosomes to run in the reverse order of OFAGE, is more effective in separating the larger chromosomes. CHEF separates all chromosomes under some conditions, but these conditions do not often resolve homologs. The strains examined are highly polymorphic for chromosome size. Fourteen cloned Candida genes, isolated on the basis of conferral of new properties to or complementation of auxotrophic deficiencies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and three sequences of unknown function have been hybridized to Southern transfers of CHEF, FIGE, and OFAGE gels. Four sets of resolvable bands have been shown to be homologous chromosomes. On the basis of these data, we suggest that C. albicans has seven chromosomes. Genes have been assigned to the seven chromosomes. Two chromosomes identified genetically have been located on the electrophoretic karyotype.

Full text

PDF
4721

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Carle G. F., Frank M., Olson M. V. Electrophoretic separations of large DNA molecules by periodic inversion of the electric field. Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):65–68. doi: 10.1126/science.3952500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Carle G. F., Olson M. V. An electrophoretic karyotype for yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(11):3756–3760. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.11.3756. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chu G., Vollrath D., Davis R. W. Separation of large DNA molecules by contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1582–1585. doi: 10.1126/science.3538420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chung K. J., Hill W. B. Studies on the pink, adenine-deficient strains of Candida albicans. I. Cultural and morphological characteristics. Sabouraudia. 1970 May;8(1):48–59. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gardiner K., Laas W., Patterson D. Fractionation of large mammalian DNA restriction fragments using vertical pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1986 Mar;12(2):185–195. doi: 10.1007/BF01560665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gillum A. M., Tsay E. Y., Kirsch D. R. Isolation of the Candida albicans gene for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase by complementation of S. cerevisiae ura3 and E. coli pyrF mutations. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;198(2):179–182. doi: 10.1007/BF00328721. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hilton C., Markie D., Corner B., Rikkerink E., Poulter R. Heat shock induces chromosome loss in the yeast Candida albicans. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(1):162–168. doi: 10.1007/BF00383330. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kakar S. N., Magee P. T. Genetic analysis of Candida albicans: identification of different isoleucine-valine, methionine, and arginine alleles by complementation. J Bacteriol. 1982 Sep;151(3):1247–1252. doi: 10.1128/jb.151.3.1247-1252.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kakar S. N., Partridge R. M., Magee P. T. A genetic analysis of Candida albicans: isolation of a wide variety of auxotrophs and demonstration of linkage and complementation. Genetics. 1983 Jun;104(2):241–255. doi: 10.1093/genetics/104.2.241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kelly R., Miller S. M., Kurtz M. B., Kirsch D. R. Directed mutagenesis in Candida albicans: one-step gene disruption to isolate ura3 mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):199–208. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kurtz M. B., Cortelyou M. W., Kirsch D. R. Integrative transformation of Candida albicans, using a cloned Candida ADE2 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):142–149. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.1.142. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kurtz M. B., Cortelyou M. W., Miller S. M., Lai M., Kirsch D. R. Development of autonomously replicating plasmids for Candida albicans. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):209–217. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kwon-Chung K. J., Lehman D., Good C., Magee P. T. Genetic evidence for role of extracellular proteinase in virulence of Candida albicans. Infect Immun. 1985 Sep;49(3):571–575. doi: 10.1128/iai.49.3.571-575.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Magee B. B., Magee P. T. Electrophoretic karyotypes and chromosome numbers in Candida species. J Gen Microbiol. 1987 Feb;133(2):425–430. doi: 10.1099/00221287-133-2-425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Petes T. D., Hereford L. M., Skryabin K. G. Characterization of two types of yeast ribosomal DNA genes. J Bacteriol. 1978 Apr;134(1):295–305. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.1.295-305.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Poulter R. T., Rikkerink E. H. Genetic analysis of red, adenine-requiring mutants of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1983 Dec;156(3):1066–1077. doi: 10.1128/jb.156.3.1066-1077.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Poulter R., Hanrahan V., Jeffery K., Markie D., Shepherd M. G., Sullivan P. A. Recombination analysis of naturally diploid Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1982 Dec;152(3):969–975. doi: 10.1128/jb.152.3.969-975.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Riggsby W. S., Torres-Bauza L. J., Wills J. W., Townes T. M. DNA content, kinetic complexity, and the ploidy question in Candida albicans. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jul;2(7):853–862. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.7.853. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rosenbluh A., Mevarech M., Koltin Y., Gorman J. A. Isolation of genes from Candida albicans by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(3):500–502. doi: 10.1007/BF00425739. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schwartz D. C., Cantor C. R. Separation of yeast chromosome-sized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):67–75. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90301-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Slutsky B., Staebell M., Anderson J., Risen L., Pfaller M., Soll D. R. "White-opaque transition": a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jan;169(1):189–197. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Smith H. A., Allaudeen H. S., Whitman M. H., Koltin Y., Gorman J. A. Isolation and characterization of a beta-tubulin gene from Candida albicans. Gene. 1988;63(1):53–63. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90545-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Snell R. G., Hermans I. F., Wilkins R. J., Corner B. E. Chromosomal variations in Candida albicans. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3625–3625. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.8.3625. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Snell R. G., Wilkins R. J. Separation of chromosomal DNA molecules from C.albicans by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jun 11;14(11):4401–4406. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.11.4401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Whelan W. L., Partridge R. M., Magee P. T. Heterozygosity and segregation in Candida albicans. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;180(1):107–113. doi: 10.1007/BF00267358. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Whelan W. L., Soll D. R. Mitotic recombination in Candida albicans: recessive lethal alleles linked to a gene required for methionine biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;187(3):477–485. doi: 10.1007/BF00332632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES