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. 2013 Mar 1;2(3):e23083. doi: 10.4161/onci.23083

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Copyright © 2013 Landes Bioscience

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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graphic file with name onci-2-e23083-g1.jpg — Figure 1. TGFβ1 impacts on dendritic cell differentiation. (A) Autocrine and paracrine transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) production in the epidermis by Langerhans cells (LCs, red) and keratinocytes (blue). (B) TGFβ1 produced by stromal cells (blue) impacts on multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) and committed dendritic cell precursors (CDPs) during dendritic cell (DC) commitment and differentiation into conventional and plasmacytoid DCs (cDCs and pDCs, respectively). (C) TGFβ1 induces the expression of Id2, Irf4, Irf8 and Runx3, which are key transcription factors for DC development.