Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1985 Oct;5(10):2753–2763. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2753

Restriction of the in vitro and in vivo tyrosine protein kinase activities of pp60c-src relative to pp60v-src.

P M Coussens, J A Cooper, T Hunter, D Shalloway
PMCID: PMC367013  PMID: 2426575

Abstract

The tyrosine protein kinase activities of pp60c-src and pp60v-src were compared. The activities were qualitatively similar in vitro when the src proteins were bound in an immune complex with monoclonal antibody; both proteins utilized either ATP or GTP as phosphate donors, preferred Mn2+ to Mg2+, and had similar exogenous substrate specificities. The specific activity of pp60c-src was about 10-fold lower than that of pp60v-src for exogenous substrate phosphorylation but was only 1.1- to 2-fold lower than that of pp60v-src for autophosphorylation. Six glycolytic enzymes, including three not previously identified as substrates for pp60src phosphorylation, were phosphorylated by both pp60c-src and pp60v-src. Levels of pp60c-src fourfold higher than the amount of pp60v-src in src-plasmid-transformed cells did not detectably alter the level of phosphotyrosine in cellular proteins, but increasing the expression of pp60c-src another twofold (which induces cells to form foci in monolayer culture (P.J. Johnson, P.M. Coussens, A.V. Danko, and D. Shalloway, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1073-1083, 1985) resulted in a threefold increase in the level of cellular protein phosphotyrosine. Immunoprecipitation and analysis of the alkali-stable phosphoproteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that, in contrast to pp60v-src-transformed cells, pp36 and enolase are only weakly phosphorylated in these high-level pp60c-src overexpresser cells. Even allowing for the in vitro differences in specific activities of phosphorylation, these results suggest that the pp60c-src tyrosine protein phosphorylating activity may be restricted relative to that of pp60v-src by additional in vivo mechanisms.

Full text

PDF
2753

Images in this article

2756Image
on p.2756
2756Image
on p.2756
2758Image
on p.2758
2759Image
on p.2759
2760Image
on p.2760

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson S. K., Gibbs C. P., Tanaka A., Kung H. J., Fujita D. J. Human cellular src gene: nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of the region coding for the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of pp60c-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1122–1129. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beemon K., Hunter T. Characterization of Rous sarcoma virus src gene products synthesized in vitro. J Virol. 1978 Nov;28(2):551–566. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.2.551-566.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Beemon K., Ryden T., McNelly E. A. Transformation by avian sarcoma viruses leads to phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins on tyrosine residues. J Virol. 1982 May;42(2):742–747. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.2.742-747.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bolen J. B., Thiele C. J., Israel M. A., Yonemoto W., Lipsich L. A., Brugge J. S. Enhancement of cellular src gene product associated tyrosyl kinase activity following polyoma virus infection and transformation. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):767–777. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90272-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Braun S., Raymond W. E., Racker E. Synthetic tyrosine polymers as substrates and inhibitors of tyrosine-specific protein kinases. J Biol Chem. 1984 Feb 25;259(4):2051–2054. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brugge J. S., Darrow D. Rous sarcoma virus-induced phosphorylation of a 50,000-molecular weight cellular protein. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):250–253. doi: 10.1038/295250a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brugge J. S., Erikson E., Erikson R. L. The specific interaction of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, pp60src, with two cellular proteins. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):363–372. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90055-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cleveland D. W., Fischer S. G., Kirschner M. W., Laemmli U. K. Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem. 1977 Feb 10;252(3):1102–1106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Collett M. S., Belzer S. K., Purchio A. F. Structurally and functionally modified forms of pp60v-src in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cell lysates. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;4(7):1213–1220. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.7.1213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Collett M. S., Erikson E., Purchio A. F., Brugge J. S., Erikson R. L. A normal cell protein similar in structure and function to the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jul;76(7):3159–3163. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.7.3159. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Collett M. S., Erikson R. L. Protein kinase activity associated with the avian sarcoma virus src gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):2021–2024. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.2021. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Collett M. S., Purchio A. F., Erikson R. L. Avian sarcoma virus-transforming protein, pp60src shows protein kinase activity specific for tyrosine. Nature. 1980 May 15;285(5761):167–169. doi: 10.1038/285167a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cooper J. A., Esch F. S., Taylor S. S., Hunter T. Phosphorylation sites in enolase and lactate dehydrogenase utilized by tyrosine protein kinases in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jun 25;259(12):7835–7841. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Cooper J. A., Hunter T. Changes in protein phosphorylation in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Feb;1(2):165–178. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.2.165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Cooper J. A., Reiss N. A., Schwartz R. J., Hunter T. Three glycolytic enzymes are phosphorylated at tyrosine in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. Nature. 1983 Mar 17;302(5905):218–223. doi: 10.1038/302218a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Cooper J. A., Sefton B. M., Hunter T. Detection and quantification of phosphotyrosine in proteins. Methods Enzymol. 1983;99:387–402. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)99075-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Cooper J. A., Sefton B. M., Hunter T. Diverse mitogenic agents induce the phosphorylation of two related 42,000-dalton proteins on tyrosine in quiescent chick cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;4(1):30–37. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.1.30. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Erikson E., Erikson R. L. Identification of a cellular protein substrate phosphorylated by the avian sarcoma virus-transforming gene product. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):829–836. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90446-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Erikson R. L., Collett M. S., Erikson E., Purchio A. F. Evidence that the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product is a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6260–6264. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6260. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Garrels J. I. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis and computer analysis of proteins synthesized by clonal cell lines. J Biol Chem. 1979 Aug 25;254(16):7961–7977. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gilmer T. M., Erikson R. L. Development of anti-pp60src serum with antigen produced in Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1983 Jan;45(1):462–465. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.1.462-465.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Graziani Y., Erikson E., Erikson R. L. Characterization of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product. J Biol Chem. 1983 May 25;258(10):6344–6351. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Graziani Y., Erikson E., Erikson R. L. Evidence that the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product is associated with glycerol kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 25;258(4):2126–2129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Guild B. C., Erikson R. L., Strominger J. L. HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 antigens are phosphorylated in vitro by rous sarcoma virus kinase (pp60v-src) at a tyrosine residue encoded in a highly conserved exon of the intracellular domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(10):2894–2898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.2894. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hunter T., Sefton B. M. Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1311–1315. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1311. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Iba H., Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. Low level of cellular protein phosphorylation by nontransforming overproduced p60c-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1058–1066. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1058. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Iba H., Takeya T., Cross F. R., Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular src gene instead of the viral src gene cannot transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4424–4428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Johnson P. J., Coussens P. M., Danko A. V., Shalloway D. Overexpressed pp60c-src can induce focus formation without complete transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1073–1083. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Lipsich L. A., Lewis A. J., Brugge J. S. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the transforming proteins of avian sarcoma viruses. J Virol. 1983 Nov;48(2):352–360. doi: 10.1128/jvi.48.2.352-360.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Martinez R., Nakamura K. D., Weber M. J. Identification of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in untransformed and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jun;2(6):653–665. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.6.653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Nawrocki J. F., Lau A. F., Faras A. J. Correlation between phosphorylation of a 34,000-molecular-weight protein, pp60src-associated kinase activity, and tumorigenicity in transformed and revertant vole cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;4(1):212–215. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.1.212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Oppermann H., Levinson A. D., Varmus H. E., Levintow L., Bishop J. M. Uninfected vertebrate cells contain a protein that is closely related to the product of the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene (src). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1804–1808. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1804. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Parker R. C., Mardon G., Lebo R. V., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Isolation of duplicated human c-src genes located on chromosomes 1 and 20. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Apr;5(4):831–838. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.4.831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Parker R. C., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative differences between pp60v-src and pp60c-src. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):131–139. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90308-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Purchio A. F., Wells S. K., Collett M. S. Increase in the phosphotransferase specific activity of purified Rous sarcoma virus pp60v-src protein after incubation with ATP plus Mg2+. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Sep;3(9):1589–1597. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.9.1589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Radke K., Gilmore T., Martin G. S. Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus: a cellular substrate for transformation-specific protein phosphorylation contains phosphotyrosine. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):821–828. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90445-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Radke K., Martin G. S. Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus: effects of src gene expression on the synthesis and phosphorylation of cellular polypeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5212–5216. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Richert N. D., Blithe D. L., Pastan I. Properties of the src kinase purified from Rous sarcoma virus-induced rat tumors. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jun 25;257(12):7143–7150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Richert N. D., Davies P. J., Jay G., Pastan I. H. Characterization of an immune complex kinase in immunoprecipitates of avian sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts. J Virol. 1979 Sep;31(3):696–706. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.3.696-706.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Rohrschneider L., Rosok M. J. Transformation parameters and pp60src localization in cells infected with partial transformation mutants of Rous sarcoma virus. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Apr;3(4):731–746. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.4.731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Sefton B. M., Beemon K., Hunter T. Comparison of the expression of the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro and in vivo. J Virol. 1978 Dec;28(3):957–971. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.3.957-971.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Sefton B. M., Hunter T., Ball E. H., Singer S. J. Vinculin: a cytoskeletal target of the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1981 Apr;24(1):165–174. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90512-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Sefton B. M., Hunter T., Beemon K., Eckhart W. Evidence that the phosphorylation of tyrosine is essential for cellular transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):807–816. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90327-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Shalloway D., Coussens P. M., Yaciuk P. Overexpression of the c-src protein does not induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7071–7075. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Smart J. E., Oppermann H., Czernilofsky A. P., Purchio A. F., Erikson R. L., Bishop J. M. Characterization of sites for tyrosine phosphorylation in the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (pp60v-src) and its normal cellular homologue (pp60c-src). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6013–6017. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6013. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Stoker A. W., Enrietto P. J., Wyke J. A. Functional domains of the pp60v-src protein as revealed by analysis of temperature-sensitive Rous sarcoma virus mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;4(8):1508–1514. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1508. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Sugimoto Y., Whitman M., Cantley L. C., Erikson R. L. Evidence that the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):2117–2121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.2117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Takeya T., Hanafusa H. DNA sequence of the viral and cellular src gene of chickens. II. Comparison of the src genes of two strains of avian sarcoma virus and of the cellular homolog. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):12–18. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.12-18.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Takeya T., Hanafusa H. Structure and sequence of the cellular gene homologous to the RSV src gene and the mechanism for generating the transforming virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):881–890. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90073-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES